Browse 114 concepts used in the study of religion, review how survey researchers measured them in the past, and quickly compare the results of more than 7,600 survey questions.
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Examine the religious composition, religious freedoms, demographics, constitutional clauses, survey findings and multiple social and political measures for 250 nations.
View maps of the United States and individual states for hundreds of variables, including congregational membership, census data, crime statistics and many others.
Generate congregational membership reports for any county, state and urban area in the United States using data collected by the Religious Congregations & Membership Study.
Compare the members of 31 different religious groups (including agnostics and atheists) using data from the 2014 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, collected by Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life.
The profiles chart schisms and mergers, document membership trends, offer basic descriptions, and link to additional resources for more than 400 past and present American religious groups.
Browse dozens of topics from a major national survey of religious congregations. See how the responses vary by the size, religious family and region of the congregation.
Browse dozens of topics covered by major national surveys. See how the responses vary by demographic categories and, when available, how they change over time.
View maps of the United States and individual states for hundreds of variables, including congregational membership, census data, crime statistics and many others.
The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center annually since 1972, except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed as part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. Items on religion in the 1980 GSS include religious preference, church attendance, beliefs about life after death, and attitudes toward organized religion. In addition, the 1978 GSS contains a module on voluntary organization membership, including a measure of membership in church-affiliated groups. The 1978 GSS also contains a special module of items examining how often respondents and their friends think about certain topics, including abortion laws.
To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the ARDA’s Syntax Repository.
Because of problems with the form randomization procedure used on the 1978, 1980, and 1982-1985 surveys, users should weight by FORMWT to adjust for incomplete randomization. In general, one should use FORMWT whenever analyzing form-related variables. This includes the following cases: 1) when comparisons are being made between experimental variables (e.g., COURTS and COURTSY in 1982); 2) when variables are being compared across years involving an experiment (e.g., EQWLTH which appears only on form 1 in 1978 with EQWLTH that appears on both forms in 1980, 1983, 1984, etc.); and 3) when a variable appears on one form only (e.g., the ISSP variables in 1985).
Data Collection
Date Collected: February, March, and April of 1978
Survey data were taken utilizing personal interviews.
Sampling Procedures
The 1978 GSS is a national probability sample. Full probability sampling was employed for all noninstitutionalized English-speaking persons 18 years of age or older, living in the United States.
"The national sample uses a variation of the stratified probability proportional to size (PPS) method. First, the nation is divided into clusters, called primary sampling units (PSUs). PSUs are based on counties; the total number of households in each county, as reported by the most recent census. . . . Each metropolitan county is regarded as a PSU, as are many nonmetropolitan counties. Sparsely populated rural counties are merged into adjacent county units to obtain a minimum of 2,000 housing units.
"Since NORC samples are based on 100 PSUs, the total number of housing units for a year is divided by 100 to yield a sampling interval. (Some PSUs have total numbers of housing units exceeding the sampling interval, making it impossible for them not to be included in a sample. See Tourangeau, Johnson, Qian, and Shin, 1993 for further discussion on how these PSUs are treated.) Each PSU is assigned a number range based on its total number of housing units. Then a random number is selected, and the first PSU selected is the one within whose range the random number falls. Additional PSUs were selected by adding the sample interval to the initial random number on a cumulative basis.
"Once the 100 PSUs are selected, block segments consisting of linked groups of one or more geographically contiguous census blocs are also selected. Segment selections were made using PPS methods on the basis of the total number of housing units in the PPS relative to the national total."
(Taken from: Stark and Roberts. 1998. "Contemporary Social Research Methods." Bellevue, WA: MicroCase Corporation.)
Citing the GSS
Davis, James Allan and Smith, Tom W. General Social Surveys, 1972-2008 [machine-readable data file]. Principal Investigator, James A. Davis; Director and Co-Principal Investigator, Tom W. Smith; Co-Principal Investigator, Peter V. Marsden; Sponsored by National Science Foundation. --NORC ed.-- Chicago: National Opinion Research Center [producer]; Storrs, CT: The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut [distributor], 2007.
"While it is not necessary to request permission from NORC before publishing analyses of these data, we do ask that NORC be cited as the source of your data. We also request that copies of reports which utilize the data be sent to the General Social Survey, NORC, 1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637." (vii)
(Source: Davis, James Allan; Smith, Tom W.; and Marsden, Peter V. General social surveys, 1972-2008: cumulative codebook / Principal Investigator, James A. Davis; Director and Co-Principal Investigator, Tom W. Smith. -- Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, 2009. 2,656 pp., 28cm. -- (National Data Program for the Social Sciences Series, no. 18).)
Note 1: 1970 Occupation and Prestige Codes
Codes for use with variables OCC, PRESTIGE, SPOCC, SPPRES, PAOCC16, and PAPRES16:
OCC PRE PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND KINDRED WORKERS 001 57 Accountants 002 71 Architects
Life and physical scientists 042 56 Agricultural scientists 043 68 Atmospheric and space scientists 044 68 Biological scientists 045 69 Chemists 051 67 Geologists 052 68 Marine scientists 053 74 Physicists and astronomers 054 68 Life and physical scientists, n.e.c. 055 51 Operations and systems researchers and analysts 056 56 Personnel and labor relations workers
Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners 061 60 Chiropractors 062 74 Dentists 063 62 Optometrists 064 61 Pharmacists 065 82 Physicians, including osteopaths 071 37 Podiatrists 072 60 Veterinarians 073 51 Health practitioners
Health technologists and technicians 081 61 Dental hygienists 082 61 Health record technologists and technicians 083 61 Radiologic technologists and technicians 084 37 Therapy assistants 085 47 Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.
Religious workers 086 69 Clergymen 090 56 Religious workers, n.e.c
Social scientists 091 57 Economists 092 66 Political scientists 093 71 Psychologists 094 66 Sociologists 095 66 Urban and regional planners 096 66 Social scientists, n.e.c.
Social and recreation workers 100 52 Social workers 101 49 Recreation workers
Teachers, college and university 102 78 Agriculture teachers 103 78 Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space teachers 104 78 Biology teachers 105 78 Chemistry teachers 110 78 Physics teachers 111 78 Engineering teachers 112 78 Mathematics teachers 113 78 Health specialist teachers 114 78 Psychology teachers 115 78 Business and commerce teachers 116 78 Economics teachers 120 78 History teachers 121 78 Sociology teachers 122 78 Social science teachers, n.e.c. 123 78 Art, drama, and music teachers 124 78 Coaches and physical education teachers 125 78 Education teachers 126 78 English teachers 130 78 Foreign language teachers 131 78 Home economics teachers 132 78 Law teachers 133 78 Theology teachers 134 78 Trade, industrial, and technical teachers 135 78 Miscellaneous teachers, college and university 140 78 Teachers, college and university, subject not specified
Teachers, except college and university 141 43 Adult education teachers 142 60 Elementary school teachers 143 60 Pre-kindergarten and kindergarten teachers 144 63 Secondary school teachers 145 43 Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c.
Engineering and science technicians 150 47 Agriculture and biological technicians, except health 151 47 Chemical technicians 152 56 Draftsmen 153 47 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 154 47 Industrial engineering technicians 155 47 Mechanical engineering technicians 156 47 Mathematical technicians 161 53 Surveyors 162 47 Engineering and science technicians, n.e.c.
Technicians, except health, engineering and science 163 70 Airplane pilots 164 43 Air traffic controllers 165 52 Embalmers 170 47 Flight engineers 171 43 Radio operators 172 47 Tool programmers, numerical control 173 47 Technicians, n.e.c.
174 51 Vocational and educational counselors
Writers, artists, and entertainers 175 55 Actors 180 51 Athletes and kindred workers 181 60 Authors 182 38 Dancers 183 58 Designers 184 51 Editors and reporters 185 46 Musicians and composers 190 56 Painters and sculptors 191 41 Photographers 192 57 Public relations men and publicity writers 193 51 Radio and television announcers 194 51 Writers, artists, and entertainers, n.e.c.
195 51 Research workers, not specified 196 51 Professional, technical, and kindred workers-allocated
Managers and administrators, except farm
OCC PRE 201 61 Assessors, controllers, and treasurers, local public administration 202 72 Bank officers and financial managers 203 41 Buyers and shippers, farm products 205 50 Buyers, wholesale and retail trade 210 49 Credit men 211 52 Funeral directors 212 61 Health administrators 213 41 Construction inspectors, public administration 215 41 Inspectors, except construction, public administration 216 38 Managers and superintendents, building 220 50 Office managers, n.e.c. 221 60 Officers, pilots, and pursers, ship 222 61 Officials and administrators, public administration, n.e.c. 223 58 Officials of lodges, societies, and unions 224 58 Postmasters and mail superintendents 225 48 Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. 226 41 Railroad conductors 230 39 Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers 231 50 Sales managers and department heads, retail trade 233 50 Sales managers, except retail trade 235 61 School administrators, college 240 60 School administrators, elementary and secondary 245 50 Managers and administrators, n.e.c. 246 50 Managers and administrators, except farm-allocated
Sales workers 260 42 Advertising agents and salesmen 261 32 Auctioneers 262 28 Demonstrators 264 18 Hucksters and peddlers 265 47 Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters 266 15 Newsboys 270 44 Real estate agents and brokers 271 51 Stock and bond salesmen 280 34 Salesmen and sales clerks, n.e.c. 281 49 Sales representatives, manufacturing industries 282 40 Sales representatives, wholesale trade 283 29 Sales clerks, retail trade 284 29 Salesmen, retail trade 285 34 Salesmen of services and construction 296 34 Sales workers-allocated
Clerical and kindred workers 301 50 Bank tellers 303 45 Billing clerks 305 48 Bookkeepers 310 31 Cashiers 311 36 Clerical assistants, social welfare 312 36 Clerical supervisors, n.e.c. 313 26 Collectors, bill and account 314 36 Counter clerks, except food 315 34 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 320 36 Enumerators and interviewers 321 36 Estimators and investigators, n.e.c. 323 36 Expeditors and production controllers 325 30 File clerks 326 48 Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators 330 41 Library attendants and assistants 331 42 Mail carriers, post office 332 36 Mail handlers, except post office 333 19 Messengers and office boys 334 36 Meter readers, utilities
Craftsmen and kindred workers OCC PRE 401 47 Automobile accessories installers 402 34 Bakers 403 36 Blacksmiths 404 31 Boilermakers 405 31 Bookbinders 410 36 Brickmasons and stonemasons 411 36 Brickmasons and stonemasons, apprentices 412 33 Bulldozer operators 413 39 Cabinetmakers 415 40 Carpenters 416 40 Carpenter apprentices 420 47 Carpet installers 421 32 Cement and concrete finishers 422 38 Compositors and typesetters 423 40 Printing trades apprentices, except pressmen 424 39 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 425 37 Decorators and window dressers 426 47 Dental laboratory technicians 430 49 Electricians 431 41 Electrician apprentices 433 39 Electric power linemen and cablemen 434 38 Electrotypers and stereotypers 435 41 Engravers, except photoengravers 436 33 Excavating, grading and road machine operators, except bulldozer 440 40 Floor layers, except tile setters 441 45 Foremen, n.e.c. 442 36 Forgemen and hammermen 443 29 Furniture and wood finishers 444 35 Furriers 445 26 Glaziers 446 36 Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers 450 31 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, lumber 452 31 Inspectors, n.e.c. 453 37 Jewelers and watchmakers 454 48 Job and die setters, metal 455 51 Locomotive engineers 456 36 Locomotive firemen 461 48 Machinists 462 41 Machinist apprentices
Mechanics and repairmen 470 37 Air conditioning, heating and refrigeration 471 48 Aircraft 472 37 Automobile body repairmen 473 37 Automobile mechanics 474 37 Automobile mechanic apprentices 475 34 Data processing machine repairmen 480 33 Farm implements 481 33 Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel 482 33 Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics 483 30 Loom fixers 484 34 Office machines 485 35 Radio and television 486 37 Railroad and car shop 491 41 Mechanic, except auto, apprentices 492 35 Miscellaneous mechanics and repairmen 495 35 Not specified mechanics and repairmen
501 25 Millers; grain, flour, and feed 502 40 Millwrights 503 39 Molders, metal 504 39 Molders, apprentices 506 51 Opticians, lens grinders and polishers 510 30 Painters, construction and maintenance 511 30 Painter apprentices 512 24 Paperhangers 514 39 Pattern and model makers, except paper 515 40 Photoengravers and lithographers 516 32 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 520 33 Plasterers 521 33 Plasterer apprentices 522 41 Plumber and pipe fitters 523 41 Plumber and pipe fitter apprentices 525 39 Power station operators 530 40 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 531 40 Pressmen and apprentices 533 36 Rollers and finishers, metal 534 31 Roofers and slaters 535 37 Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths 536 37 Sheet metal apprentices 540 36 Shipfitters 542 33 Shoe repairmen 543 30 Sign painters and letterers 545 35 Stationary engineers 546 33 Stone cutters and stone carvers 550 36 Structural metal craftsmen 551 41 Tailors 552 39 Telephone installers and repairmen 554 39 Telephone linemen and splicers 560 36 Tile setters 561 42 Tool and die makers 562 41 Tool and die maker apprentices 563 30 Upholsters 571 41 Specified craft apprentices, n.e.c. 572 41 Not specified apprentices 575 47 Craftsmen and kindred workers, n.e.c. 580 47 Former members of the Armed Forces 586 47 Craftsmen and kindred workers-allocated 590 47 Current members of the Armed Forces
Operatives, except transport OCC PRE 601 28 Asbestos and insulation workers 602 27 Assemblers 603 32 Blasters and powdermen 604 23 Bottling and canning operatives 605 39 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen; surveying 610 36 Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing 611 18 Clothing ironers and pressers 612 26 Cutting operatives, n.e.c. 613 32 Dressmakers and seamstresses, not factory
614 27 Drillers, earth 615 27 Dry wall installers and lathers 620 25 Dyers 621 19 Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers 622 33 Furnacemen, smeltermen, and pourers 623 22 Garage workers and gas station attendants 624 33 Graders and sorters, manufacturing 625 19 Produce graders and packers, except factory and farm 626 33 Heaters, metal 630 18 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c. 631 32 Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing 633 28 Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing 634 19 Meat wrappers, retail trade 635 29 Metal platers 636 33 Milliners 640 26 Mine operatives, n.e.c. 641 29 Mixing operatives 642 24 Oilers and greasers, except auto 643 19 Packers and wrappers, n.e.c. 644 29 Painters, manufactured articles 645 36 Photographic process workers
Codes for use with variables INDUSTRY, SPIND, and PAIND16:
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES 017 Agricultural production 018 Agricultural services, except horticultural 019 Horticultural services 027 Forestry 028 Fisheries
MINING 047 Metal mining 048 Coal mining 049 Crude petroleum and natural gas extractions 057 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel
CONSTRUCTION 067 General building contractors 068 General contractors, except building 069 Special trade contractors 077 Not specified construction
MANUFACTURING Durable goods Lumber and wood products, except furniture 107 Logging 108 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 109 Miscellaneous wood products 118 Furniture fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products 119 Glass and glass products 127 Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 128 Structural clay products 137 Pottery and related products 138 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products
Metal industries 139 Blast furnaces, steel works, rolling and finishing mills 147 Other primary iron and steel industries 148 Primary aluminum industries 149 Other primary non-ferrous industries 157 Cutlery, hand tools, and other hardware 158 Fabricated structural metal products 159 Screw machine products 167 Metal stamping 168 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 169 Not specified metal products
Machinery, except electrical 177 Engines and turbines 178 Farm machinery and equipment 179 Construction and material handling machines 187 Metalworking machinery 188 Office and accounting machines 189 Electronic computing equipment 197 Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c. 198 Not specified machinery
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 199 Household appliances 207 Radio, TV, and communication equipment 208 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c. 209 Not specified electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment 219 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 227 Aircraft and parts 228 Ship and boat building and repairing 229 Railroad locomotives and equipment 237 Mobile dwellings and campers 238 Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment, and watches 239 Scientific and controlling instruments 247 Optical and health services supplies 248 Photographic equipment and supplies 249 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devices 257 Not specified professional equipment
Leather and leather products 388 Tanned, curried, and finished leather 389 Footwear, except rubber 397 Leather products, except footwear 398 Not specified manufacturing industries
TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES Transportation 407 Railroads and railway express service 408 Street railways and bus lines 409 Taxicab service 417 Trucking service 418 Warehousing and storage 419 Water transportation 427 Air transportation 428 Pipelines, except natural gas 429 Services incidental to transportation
Communications 447 Radio broadcasting and television 448 Telephone (wire and radio) 449 Telegraph and miscellaneous communication services
Utilities and sanitary services 467 Electric light and power 468 Electric/gas utilities 469 Gas and steam supply systems 477 Water supply 478 Sanitary services 479 Other and not specified utilities
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
Wholesale trade 507 Motor vehicles and equipment 508 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 509 Dry goods and apparel 527 Food and related products 528 Farm products-raw materials 529 Electrical goods 537 Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies 538 Not specified electrical and hardware products 539 Machinery equipment and supplies 557 Metals and minerals, n.e.c. 558 Petroleum products 559 Scrap and waste materials 567 Alcoholic beverages 568 Paper and its products 569 Lumber and construction materials 587 Wholesalers, n.e.c. 588 Not specified wholesale trade
Retail trade 607 Lumber and building material retailing 608 Hardware and farm equipment stores 609 Department and mail-order establishments 617 Limited-price variety stores 618 Vending machine operators 619 Direct selling establishments 627 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 628 Grocery stores 629 Dairy product stores 637 Retail bakeries 638 Food stores, n.e.c. 639 Motor vehicle dealers 647 Tire, battery, and accessory dealers 648 Gasoline service stations 649 Miscellaneous vehicle dealers 657 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe stores 658 Shoe stores 667 Furniture and home furnishing stores 668 Household appliances, TV, and radio stores 669 Eating and drinking places 677 Drug stores 678 Liquor stores 679 Farm and garden supply stores 687 Jewelry stores 688 Fuel and ice dealers 689 Retail florists 697 Miscellaneous retail stores 698 Not specified retail trade
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 707 Banking 708 Credit agencies 709 Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies 717 Insurance 718 Real estate, incl. real-estate-insurance-law offices
BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES 727 Advertising 728 Services to dwellings and other buildings 729 Commercial research, development, and testing labs 737 Employment and temporary help agencies 738 Business management and consulting services 739 Computer programming services 747 Detective and protective services 748 Business services, n.e.c. 749 Automobile services, except repair 758 Electrical repair shops 759 Miscellaneous repair services
PERSONAL SERVICES 769 Private households 777 Hotels and motels 778 Lodging places, except hotels and motels 779 Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services 787 Beauty shops 788 Barber shops 789 Shoe repair shops 797 Dressmaking shops 798 Miscellaneous personal services
ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES 807 Theaters and motion pictures 808 Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors 809 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services
PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES 828 Offices of physicians 829 Offices of dentists 837 Offices of chiropractors 838 Hospitals 839 Convalescent institutions 847 Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c. 848 Health services, n.e.c. 849 Legal services 857 Elementary and secondary schools 858 Colleges and universities 859 Libraries 867 Educational services, n.e.c. 868 Not specified educational services 869 Museums, art galleries, and zoos 877 Religious organizations 878 Welfare services 879 Residential welfare facilities 887 Nonprofit membership organizations 888 Engineering and architectural services 889 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 897 Miscellaneous professional and related services
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 907 Postal service 917 Federal public administration 927 State public administration 937 Local public administration
Note 3: NORC Size of Place
Codes for use with the variable XNORCSIZ:
1 Within an SMSA and a large central city (over 250,000) 2 a medium-size central city (50,000 to 250,000) 3 a suburb of a large central city 4 a suburb of a medium-size central city 5 an unincorporated area of a large central city (division, township, etc.) 6 an unincorporated area of a medium central city 7 Not within an SMSA, (within a county) and a small city (10,000 to 49,999) 8 a town or village (2,500 to 9,999) 9 an incorporated area less than 2,500 or an unincorporated area of 1,000 to 2,499 10 open country within larger civil divisions, e.g., township, division
Note 4: SRC New Belt Codes
Codes for use with the variable SRCBELT:
1 Central city of twelve largest SMSAs 2 Central city of remainder of the hundred largest SMSAs 3 Suburbs of twelve largest SMSAs 4 Suburbs of the remaining hundred largest SMSAs 5 Other urban (counties having towns of 10,000 or more) 6 Other rural (counties having no towns of 10,000 or more)
Note 5: Occupational Relationship with Data
Codes for use with variables DOTDATA, SPDOTDAT, and PADOTDAT:
Note 9: Occupational Specific Vocation Preparation (SVP)
Codes for use with variables DOTSVP, SPDOTSVP, and PADOTSVP:
1.0-1.5 Short demonstration 1.5-2.5 Up to thirty days 2.5-3.5 Thirty-one days to three months 3.5-4.5 Over three months, to six months 4.5-5.5 Over six months, to one year 5.5-6.5 One to two years 6.5-7.5 Two to four years 7.5+ Four to ten years
Note 10: Occupational Prestige
Codes for use with variables DOTPRES, SPDOTPRE, and PADOTPRE:
Codes for use with variables OTHER, OTH16, SPOTHER, SPOTHER16:
1 Hungarian Reformed 2 Evangelical Congregational 3 Ind. Bible, Bible, Bible Fellowship 5 Church of Prophecy 6 New Testament Christian 7 Church of God, Saint & Christ 8 Moravian 9 Christian & Missionary Alliances 10 Advent Christian 11 Spiritualist 12 Assembly of God 13 Free Methodist 14 Apostolic Faith 15 African Methodist 16 Free Will Baptist 17 Eden Evangelist 18 Holiness (Nazarene) 19 Baptist (Northern) 20 Brethren Church, Brethren 21 Witness Holiness 22 Brethren, Plymouth 23 United Brethren, United Brethren in Christ 24 Independent 25 Christian Disciples 26 Christ in Christian Union 27 Open Bible 28 Christian Catholic 29 Christ Church Unity 30 Christ Adelphians 31 Christian; Central Christian 32 Christian Reform 33 Christian Scientist 34 Church of Christ, Evangelical 35 Church of Christ 36 Churches of God (Except with Christ and Holiness) 37 Church of God in Christ 38 Church of God in Christ Holiness 39 Church of the Living God 40 Congregationalist, 1st Congreg. 41 Community Church 42 Covenant 43 Dutch Reform 44 Disciples of Christ 45 Evangelical, Evangelist 46 Evangelical Reformed 47 Evangelist Free Church 48 First Church 49 First Christian Disciples of Christ 50 First Reformed 51 First Christian 52 Full Gospel 53 Four Square Gospel 54 Friends 55 Holy Roller 56 Holiness; Church of Holiness 57 Pilgrim Holiness 58 Jehovah's Witnesses 59 LDS 60 LDS--Mormon 61 LDS--Reorganized 62 LDS--Jesus Christ; Church of Jesus LDS 63 Mennonite 64 Mormon 65 Nazarene 66 Pentecostal Assembly of God 67 Pentecostal Church of God 69 Pentecostal Holiness, Holiness Pentecostal 70 Quaker 71 Reformed 72 Reformed United Church of Christ 73 Reformed Church of Christ 74 Religious Science 75 Mind Science 76 Salvation Army 77 Seventh-day Adventist 78 Sanctified, Sanctification 79 United Holiness 80 Unitarian, Universalist 81 United Church of Christ 82 United Church, Unity Church 83 Wesleyan 84 Wesleyan Methodist--Pilgrim 85 Zion Union 86 Zion Union Apostolic 87 Zion Union Apostolic--Reformed 88 Disciples of God 89 Grace Reformed 90 Holiness Church of God 91 Evangelical Covenant 92 Mission Covenant 93 Missionary Baptist 94 Swedish Mission 95 Unity 96 United Church of Christianity 97 Other Fundamentalist 98 Federated Church 99 American Reform 100 Grace Brethren 101 Christ in God 102 Charismatic 103 Pentecostal Apostolic 104 House of Prayer 105 Latvian Lutheran 106 Triumph Church of God 107 Apostolic Christian 108 Christ Cathedral of Truth 109 Bible Missionary 110 Calvary Bible 111 Amish 112 Evangelical Methodist 113 Worldwide Church of God 114 Church Universal and Triumphant 115 Mennonite Brethren 116 Church of the First Born 117 Missionary Church 118 The Way Ministry 119 United Church of Canada 120 Evangelical United Brethren 121 The Church of God of Prophecy 122 Chapel of Faith 123 Polish National Church 124 Faith Gospel Tabernacle 125 Christian Calvary Chapel 126 Carmelite 127 Church of Daniel's Band 128 Christian Tabernacle 129 Living Word 130 True Light Church of Christ 131 Macedonia 132 Brother of Christ 133 Primitive Baptist 134 Independent Fundamental Church of America 135 Chinese Gospel Church 136 New Age Spirituality 137 New Song 138 Apostolic Church 139 Faith Christian 140 People's Church 141 New Birth Christian 142 Unity School of Christianity 143 Assyrian Evangelical Church 998 Don't know 999 No answer blank Not applicable (not Protestant and Protestant denomination given, and not married)
Note 12: Unemployment Codes
Codes for use with the variable UNEMP5:
0 Not unemployed 1 Unemployed during four years before last year and not main earner 2 Unemployed during four years before last year and main earner 3 Unemployed last year and not main earner 4 Unemployed last year and during four previous years and not main earner 5 Unemployed last year and not main earner and unemployed during previous four years and main earner 6 Unemployed last year and main earner 7 Unemployed last year and main earner and unemployed previous four years and not main earner 8 Unemployed last year and previous four years and main earner both periods 9 No answer
Note 13: Deaths of Relatives in Past Five Years
Codes for use with the variable DEATH5:
0 No deaths 1 No deaths last year, one death during previous four years 2 No deaths last year, two or more deaths during previous four years 3 One death last year, none during previous four years 4 One death last year, one during previous four years 5 One death last year, two or more during previous four years 6 Two or more deaths last year, none during previous four years 7 Two or more deaths last year, one during previous four years 8 Two or more deaths last year, two or more during previous four years 9 No answer
Note 14: International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) Codes, 1968
Codes for use with variables ISCO68, PAISCO68, and SPISCO68:
PROFESSIONAL TECHNICAL AND RELATED WORKERS
PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS AND RELATED TECHNICIANS 0110 Chemist 0120 Physicist
Medical, Dental, Veterinary, and Related Workers, n.e.c. 0790 Osteopath 0791 Chiropractor 0792 Herbalist 0793 Sanitary officer
STATISTICIANS, MATHEMATICIANS, SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, AND RELATED TECHNICIANS 0810 Statistician 0820 Mathematician 0830 Systems analyst 0840 Computer programmer
ECONOMISTS 0900 Economist
ACCOUNTANTS 1100 Accountant 1101 Professional accountant
JURISTS Lawyers 1210 Lawyer, trial lawyer 1211 Public prosecutor
Teachers, n.e.c. 1390 Vocational teacher 1391 Principal, primary principal 1392 Education officer 1393 Teacher's aide 1394 Secondary school principal
WORKERS IN RELIGION Ministers of Religion and Related Members of Religious Orders 1410 Clergyman 1411 High church official 1412 Religious reciter 1413 Evangelist 1414 Missionary 1415 Member of religious order 1416 Assistant priest
Workers in Religion, n.e.c. 1490 Religious teacher 1491 Faith healer
AUTHORS, JOURNALISTS, AND RELATED WRITERS Authors and Critics 1510 Author 1511 Pulp writer
Authors, Journalists, and Related Writers, n.e.c. 1590 Journalist 1591 Newspaper editor 1592 Advertising writer 1593 Public relations man
SCULPTORS, PAINTERS, PHOTOGRAPHERS, AND RELATED CREATIVE ARTISTS 1610 Artist
Commercial Artists and Designers 1620 Commercial artist 1621 Designer 1622 Window display artist
Photographers and Cameramen 1630 Photographer 1631 TV cameraman
COMPOSERS AND PERFORMING ARTISTS Composers, Musicians, and Singers 1710 Musician, classical musician 1711 Jazz musician 1712 Musical entertainer 1713 Music teacher
Choreographers and Dancers 1720 Dancer 1721 Dancing teacher
Actors and Stage Directors 1730 Actor 1731 Star actor 1732 Dramatic director
1740 Dramatic producer 1750 Circus performers
Performing Artists, n.e.c. 1790 Radio, TV announcer 1791 Entertainer
ATHLETES, SPORTSMEN, AND RELATED WORKERS Athletes, Sportsmen and Related Workers 1800 Professional athlete 1801 Coach, manager
PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND RELATED WORKERS, n.e.c. 1910 Librarian
Sociologists, Anthropologists, and Related Scientists 1920 Sociologist 1921 Psychologist 1922 Archeologist 1923 Historian 1924 Social scientist, n.e.c.
Social Workers 1930 Social worker 1931 Group worker
Personnel and Occupational Specialists 1940 Personnel director 1941 Job counselor
Philologists, Translators and Interpreters 1950 Translator 1951 Philologist
Other Professional, Technical and Related Workers 1990 Technician 1991 Diviner 1992 Fingerprint expert 1993 Explorer 1994 Peace Corps member 1995 Advertising executive
ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGERIAL WORKERS
LEGISLATIVE OFFICIALS AND GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATORS Heads of Government Jurisdiction 2010 Chief of state 2011 Provincial governor 2012 District head 2013 Head, large city 2014 Head, city or small city 2015 Village head
Members of Legislative Bodies 2020 Leader of House 2021 Member, Upper House 2022 Member, Lower House 2023 Member, Provincial House 2024 Member, local council
High Administrative Officials 2030 Government minister 2031 Ambassador 2032 Diplomat 2033 High civil servant, dept. head 2034 Dept. Head, provincial government 2035 Dept. Head, local government 2036 Chief's counselor
MANAGERS General Managers 2110 Member Board of Directors 2111 Head of large firm 2112 Head of firm 2113 Head of small firm 2114 Banker 2115 Banker, large bank 2116 Building contractor
2120 Factory Manager
Managers, n.e.c. 2190 Businessman 2191 Branch manager 2192 Department manager 2193 Department manager, large firm 2194 Business executive 2195 Politician, party official 2196 Union official 2197 High union official
CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS
CLERICAL SUPERVISORS 3000 Office manager
GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS 3100 Middle-rank civil servant 3101 Civil servant, minor civil servant 3102 Government inspector 3103 Customs inspector 3104 Tax collector
STENOGRAPHERS, TYPISTS, AND CARD- AND TAPE-PUNCHING MACHINE OPERATORS Stenographers, Typists, and Teletypists 3210 Typist, stenographer 3211 Secretary
Card- and Tape-Punching Machine Operators 3220 Keypunch Operator
BOOKKEEPERS, CASHIERS, AND RELATED WORKERS Bookkeepers and Cashiers 3310 Bookkeeper 3311 Cashier 3312 Head cashier 3313 Bank teller 3314 Post office clerk 3315 Ticket seller
Bookkeepers, Cashiers, and Related Workers, n.e.c. 3390 Financial clerk 3391 Bill collector
TECHNICAL SALESMAN, COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS, AND MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS Technical Salesmen and Service Advisers 4310 Sales engineer 4311 Utility company salesman
4320 Traveling salesman
INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE, SECURITIES AND BUSINESS SERVICES SALESMEN AND AUCTIONEERS 4400 Insurance, real estate, and securities salesman 4410 Insurance agent 4411 Real estate agent 4412 Stock broker
Armed Forces 5895 Armed Forces (Note: This code is not part of the International Standard Classification Codes. It is a code used by NORC.)
5900 Service workers, n.e.c. 5910 Museum attendant 5920 Undertaker
Other Service Worker 5990 Medical attendant 5991 Entertainment attendant 5992 Elevator operator 5993 Hotel bellboy 5994 Doorkeeper 5995 Shoe shiner 5996 Airline stewardess 5997 Bookmaker 5998 Bell captain in hotel 5999 Illegal lottery agent
AGRICULTURAL, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND FORESTRY WORKERS, FISHERMEN, AND HUNTERS
FARM MANAGERS AND SUPERVISORS 6000 Farm manager 6001 Farm foreman
FARMERS General Farmers 6110 Farmer 6111 Large farmer 6112 Small farmer 6113 Tenant farmer 6114 Sharecropper 6115 Collective farmer 6116 Settler 6117 Unpaid family farm worker
6120 Specialized farmer
AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY WORKERS General Farm Workers 6210 Farm hand 6211 Migrant worker
FISHERMEN, HUNTERS, AND RELATED WORKERS 6410 Fisherman 6411 Fisherman with own boat
Fishermen, Hunters, and Related Workers, n.e.c. 6490 Whaler 6491 Hunter
PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERS, TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATORS AND LABORERS
PRODUCTION SUPERVISORS AND GENERAL FOREMEN 7000 Foreman 7001 Supervisor
MINERS, QUARRYMEN, WELL DRILLERS, AND RELATED WORKERS Miners and Quarrymen 7110 Miner 7111 Specialized mine worker 7112 Quarry worker 7113 Instructor in mine
7120 Mineral and stone treaters 7130 Oil field worker
METAL PROCESSORS 7210 Steel mill worker 7220 Rolling mill operator 7230 Metal melters and reheaters 7240 Metal caster 7250 Metal moulders and coremakers 7260 Metal annealers, temperers, and case-hardeners 7270 Metal drawers and extruders 7280 Galvanizer 7290 Metal processors, n.e.c.
WOOD PREPARATION WORKERS AND PAPER MAKERS 7310 Wood treater
Sawyers, Plywood Makers and Related Wood-Processing Workers 7320 Sawyer in saw mill 7321 Lumber grader
7330 Paper pulp preparers 7340 Paper maker
CHEMICAL PROCESSORS AND RELATED WORKERS 7410 Crushers, grinders, and mixers 7420 Cookers, roasters, and related heat-treaters 7430 Filter and separator operators 7440 Still and reactor operators 7450 Petroleum worker
Chemical Processors and Related Workers, n.e.c. 7490 Chemical worker 7491 Charcoal burner
SPINNERS, WEAVERS, KNITTERS, DYERS, AND RELATED WORKERS 7510 Fiber preparers 7520 Spinner 7530 Machine loom fixer, operator
Weavers and Related Workers 7540 Weaver 7541 Cloth grader
8560 Telephone installer 8570 Power lineman 8590 Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers
BROADCASTING STATION AND SOUND EQUIPMENT OPERATORS AND CINEMA PROJECTIONISTS 8610 Broadcasting station operator 8620 Motion picture projectionist
PLUMBERS, WELDERS, SHEET METAL AND STRUCTURAL METAL PREPARERS AND ERECTORS Plumbers and Pipe Fitters 8710 Plumber 8711 Master plumber (own business)
8720 Welder
Sheet-Metal Workers 8730 Sheet-metal worker 8731 Copper, tin smith 8732 Boilermaker 8733 Vehicle body builder
8740 Structural steel worker
JEWELRY AND PRECIOUS METAL WORKERS 8800 Jeweler, goldsmith 8801 Master jeweler, goldsmith
GLASS FORMERS, POTTERS, AND RELATED WORKERS Glass Formers, Cutters, Grinders, and Finishers 8910 Lens grinder 8911 Glass blower
8920 Potter 8930 Glass and ceramics kilnmen 8940 Glass engravers and etchers 8950 Glass and ceramics painters and decorators 8990 Glass formers, potters, and related workers, n.e.c.
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCT MAKERS 9010 Rubber and plastics product makers (except tire makers and tire vulcanizers) 9020 Tire makers and vulcanizers
9100 Paper and paperboard products makers
PRINTERS AND RELATED WORKERS Compositors and Typesetters 9210 Printer 9211 Master printer
9220 Printing pressman 9230 Stereotypers and electrotypers 9240 Metal engraver 9250 Photoengraver 9260 Bookbinder 9270 Photograph developer 9290 Graphics printer
PAINTERS Painters, Construction 9310 Building painter 9311 Master building painter
Painters, n.e.c. 9390 Automobile painter
PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERS, n.e.c. 9410 Piano tuner 9420 Basketweaver 9430 Non-metallic mineral product makers
Other Production and Related Workers 9490 Quality checker 9491 Ivory carver 9492 Taxidermist 9493 Calabash maker
BRICKLAYERS, CARPENTERS, AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION WORKERS 9510 Mason 9520 Cement finisher 9530 Roofer
Construction Workers n.e.c. 9590 Paperhanger 9591 Master paperhanger 9592 Maintenance man 9593 Skilled construction worker 9594 Construction laborer, n.e.c. 9595 Unskilled construction laborer 9596 House builder
STATIONARY ENGINE AND RELATED EQUIPMENT OPERATORS 9610 Power station operator 9690 Stationary engineer
MATERIAL-HANDLING AND RELATED EQUIPMENT OPERATORS, DOCKERS, AND FREIGHT HANDLERS
Dockers and Freight Handlers 9710 Longshoreman 9711 Warehouse hand 9712 Porter 9713 Railway, airport porter 9714 Packer
9720 Riggers and cable splicers
Crane and Hoist Operators 9730 Power crane operator 9731 Drawbridge tender
