Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset, 1988-2010

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M1I In democracies people choose their leaders in free elections.   1) Strongly agree   2) Agree   3) Disagree   4) Strongly disagree

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Strongly agree	6712	66.1%	66.1%	-.61
Agree	2225	21.9%	88%	.59
Disagree	713	7%	95%	1.8
Strongly disagree	504	5%	100%	3

Variable Comparisons

Age Education Household income Religion Sex

Age (I-AGE)

	18-24 years old	25-34 years old	35-44 years old	45-54 years old	55-64 years old	65+ years old	TOTAL
Strongly agree	62.5% 1330	65.7% 1915	67.5% 1538	66.7% 993	69.2% 561	71.9% 364	66.2% 6701
Agree	23.5% 499	21.9% 637	21.2% 483	21.8% 325	21.5% 174	20.4% 103	21.9% 2221
Disagree	8.6% 182	7.2% 209	6.2% 142	6.4% 95	5.8% 47	5.5% 28	6.9% 703
Strongly disagree	5.5% 116	5.2% 152	5.1% 117	5.1% 76	3.6% 29	2.2% 11	4.9% 501
TOTAL	100.0% 2127	100.0% 2913	100.0% 2280	100.0% 1489	100.0% 811	100.0% 506	10126

Education (I-EDUC)

	Illiterate	Elementary and primary (includes elementary school so goes from first grade to eighth grade)	Secondary	BA (completion of college degree)	MA or higher	TOTAL
Strongly agree	69.1% 1265	64.6% 2114	65.3% 2283	67.4% 1042	0.00% 0	66.1% 6704
Agree	19.6% 359	23.6% 771	22.3% 779	20.2% 313	0.00% 0	21.9% 2222
Disagree	7.2% 132	7.2% 236	7.1% 247	6.3% 97	0.00% 0	7.0% 712
Strongly disagree	4.0% 74	4.6% 151	5.3% 185	6.1% 94	0.00% 0	5.0% 504
TOTAL	100.0% 1830	100.0% 3272	100.0% 3494	100.0% 1546	100.0% 0	10142

Household income (I-INCOME)

	First quintile	Second quintile	Third quintile	Fourth quintile	Fifth quintile	TOTAL
Strongly agree	70.6% 659	61.9% 894	67.3% 998	63.9% 1666	68.9% 1730	66.2% 5947
Agree	19.2% 179	24.6% 355	23.9% 354	22.1% 576	19.6% 492	21.8% 1956
Disagree	6.1% 57	8.2% 119	6.1% 91	8.2% 213	6.7% 168	7.2% 648
Strongly disagree	4.2% 39	5.3% 77	2.7% 40	5.9% 154	4.9% 122	4.8% 432
TOTAL	100.0% 934	100.0% 1445	100.0% 1483	100.0% 2609	100.0% 2512	8983

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Muslim	Christian	Jew	Other	TOTAL
Strongly agree	65.8% 6500	77.1% 172	66.7% 2	90.0% 9	66.1% 6683
Agree	22.0% 2177	17.0% 38	33.3% 1	10.0% 1	21.9% 2217
Disagree	7.1% 699	4.0% 9	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	7.0% 708
Strongly disagree	5.1% 499	1.8% 4	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	5.0% 503
TOTAL	100.0% 9875	100.0% 223	100.0% 3	100.0% 10	10111

Sex (I-SEX)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Strongly agree	65.5% 3100	66.6% 3594	66.1% 6694
Agree	22.8% 1081	21.1% 1138	21.9% 2219
Disagree	6.4% 302	7.6% 408	7.0% 710
Strongly disagree	5.2% 248	4.7% 254	5.0% 502
TOTAL	100.0% 4731	100.0% 5394	10125