Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset, 1988-2010

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M52B Islamic laws (regarding social aspects) should be modified to fit the current lifestyle.   1) Strongly agree   2) Agree   3) Neither agree nor disagree   4) Disagree   5) Strongly disagree

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Strongly agree	314	11.4%	11.4%	-1.43
Agree	1246	45.3%	56.7%	-.63
Neither agree nor disagree	232	8.4%	65.2%	.17
Disagree	635	23.1%	88.3%	.97
Strongly disagree	322	11.7%	100%	1.77

Variable Comparisons

Age Education Household income Religion Sex

Age (I-AGE)

Table contains all missing data

Education (I-EDUC)

	Illiterate	Elementary and primary (includes elementary school so goes from first grade to eighth grade)	Secondary	BA (completion of college degree)	MA or higher	TOTAL
Strongly agree	11.9% 16	15.5% 102	10.7% 134	7.3% 48	46.7% 14	11.5% 314
Agree	46.3% 62	49.7% 327	44.3% 557	44.0% 291	20.0% 6	45.3% 1243
Neither agree nor disagree	0.0% 0	5.3% 35	9.2% 116	12.1% 80	0.0% 0	8.4% 231
Disagree	19.4% 26	21.0% 138	23.5% 296	25.2% 167	26.7% 8	23.2% 635
Strongly disagree	22.4% 30	8.5% 56	12.3% 154	11.5% 76	6.7% 2	11.6% 318
TOTAL	100.0% 134	100.0% 658	100.0% 1257	100.0% 662	100.0% 30	2741

Household income (I-INCOME)

	First quintile	Second quintile	Third quintile	Fourth quintile	Fifth quintile	TOTAL
Strongly agree	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	12.7% 178	0.0% 0	12.7% 134	11.4% 312
Agree	30.4% 14	29.2% 33	47.9% 670	27.0% 31	46.5% 490	45.4% 1238
Neither agree nor disagree	41.3% 19	43.4% 49	3.8% 53	55.7% 64	4.4% 46	8.5% 231
Disagree	28.3% 13	27.4% 31	22.9% 321	17.4% 20	23.0% 242	23.0% 627
Strongly disagree	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	12.7% 178	0.0% 0	13.5% 142	11.7% 320
TOTAL	100.0% 46	100.0% 113	100.0% 1400	100.0% 115	100.0% 1054	2728

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Muslim	Christian	Jew	Other	TOTAL
Strongly agree	10.8% 290	35.3% 24	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	11.4% 314
Agree	45.2% 1210	52.9% 36	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	45.4% 1246
Neither agree nor disagree	8.7% 232	0.0% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	8.4% 232
Disagree	23.4% 627	8.8% 6	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	23.0% 633
Strongly disagree	11.9% 320	2.9% 2	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	11.7% 322
TOTAL	100.0% 2679	100.0% 68	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	2747

Sex (I-SEX)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Strongly agree	12.9% 180	9.9% 134	11.4% 314
Agree	44.0% 612	46.7% 634	45.3% 1246
Neither agree nor disagree	8.3% 115	8.6% 117	8.4% 232
Disagree	23.1% 322	23.0% 313	23.1% 635
Strongly disagree	11.6% 162	11.8% 160	11.7% 322
TOTAL	100.0% 1391	100.0% 1358	2749