Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset, 1988-2010

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M9C Banks in Muslim countries must be forbidden from charging even modest interest on loans because this is forbidden by Islam.   1) Strongly agree   2) Agree   3) Neither agree nor disagree   4) Disagree   5) Strongly disagree

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Strongly agree	5707	42.3%	42.3%	-.87
Agree	4444	32.9%	75.2%	-.08
Neither agree nor disagree	466	3.5%	78.7%	.71
Disagree	2088	15.5%	94.1%	1.51
Strongly disagree	791	5.9%	100%	2.3

Variable Comparisons

Age Education Household income Religion Sex

Age (I-AGE)

	18-24 years old	25-34 years old	35-44 years old	45-54 years old	55-64 years old	65+ years old	TOTAL
Strongly agree	41.4% 1379	43.5% 1629	46.5% 1309	41.3% 697	48.7% 425	51.4% 252	44.0% 5691
Agree	32.1% 1071	33.0% 1235	30.3% 852	32.1% 541	27.9% 243	27.8% 136	31.5% 4078
Neither agree nor disagree	5.0% 167	2.7% 101	3.3% 92	3.6% 61	3.4% 30	3.1% 15	3.6% 466
Disagree	15.8% 525	15.2% 569	13.9% 391	15.2% 256	14.0% 122	11.2% 55	14.8% 1918
Strongly disagree	5.7% 190	5.7% 213	6.1% 171	7.8% 131	6.0% 52	6.5% 32	6.1% 789
TOTAL	100.0% 3332	100.0% 3747	100.0% 2815	100.0% 1686	100.0% 872	100.0% 490	12942

Education (I-EDUC)

	Illiterate	Elementary and primary (includes elementary school so goes from first grade to eighth grade)	Secondary	BA (completion of college degree)	MA or higher	TOTAL
Strongly agree	45.1% 852	43.4% 1714	41.3% 1889	39.2% 1047	49.0% 178	42.2% 5680
Agree	28.1% 532	32.9% 1299	35.6% 1632	32.5% 869	26.7% 97	32.9% 4429
Neither agree nor disagree	2.9% 55	3.3% 130	3.1% 143	4.8% 127	2.8% 10	3.5% 465
Disagree	17.4% 329	15.3% 603	14.7% 671	16.3% 436	13.2% 48	15.5% 2087
Strongly disagree	6.5% 122	5.1% 200	5.3% 244	7.2% 191	8.3% 30	5.9% 787
TOTAL	100.0% 1890	100.0% 3946	100.0% 4579	100.0% 2670	100.0% 363	13448

Household income (I-INCOME)

	First quintile	Second quintile	Third quintile	Fourth quintile	Fifth quintile	TOTAL
Strongly agree	39.6% 611	43.9% 730	40.3% 859	48.1% 967	38.8% 1358	41.7% 4525
Agree	30.3% 467	33.1% 551	36.6% 779	31.7% 637	28.3% 992	31.6% 3426
Neither agree nor disagree	3.5% 54	2.8% 47	5.9% 125	2.2% 45	5.5% 194	4.3% 465
Disagree	20.0% 308	14.6% 242	13.3% 284	12.7% 256	19.5% 682	16.3% 1772
Strongly disagree	6.6% 101	5.6% 93	3.9% 83	5.3% 106	7.9% 275	6.1% 658
TOTAL	100.0% 1541	100.0% 1663	100.0% 2130	100.0% 2011	100.0% 3501	10846

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Muslim	Christian	Jew	Other	TOTAL
Strongly agree	42.9% 5546	24.3% 118	51.3% 39	33.3% 2	42.3% 5705
Agree	33.2% 4291	26.0% 126	27.6% 21	33.3% 2	32.9% 4440
Neither agree nor disagree	3.5% 458	1.0% 5	0.0% 0	33.3% 2	3.4% 465
Disagree	15.2% 1960	24.3% 118	10.5% 8	0.0% 0	15.5% 2086
Strongly disagree	5.1% 665	24.3% 118	10.5% 8	0.0% 0	5.9% 791
TOTAL	100.0% 12920	100.0% 485	100.0% 76	100.0% 6	13487

Sex (I-SEX)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Strongly agree	42.6% 2970	42.0% 2736	42.3% 5706
Agree	31.2% 2177	34.8% 2266	32.9% 4443
Neither agree nor disagree	3.5% 243	3.4% 223	3.5% 466
Disagree	16.1% 1123	14.8% 964	15.5% 2087
Strongly disagree	6.7% 467	5.0% 324	5.9% 791
TOTAL	100.0% 6980	100.0% 6513	13493