Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset, 1988-2010

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M9H Some secular countries forbid the veil for Muslim women in schools and offices.   1) Strongly agree   2) Agree   3) Neither agree nor disagree   4) Disagree   5) Strongly disagree

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Strongly agree	17	1.3%	1.3%	-4.09
Agree	35	2.7%	4%	-2.9
Neither agree nor disagree	97	7.5%	11.4%	-1.72
Disagree	341	26.2%	37.6%	-.54
Strongly disagree	812	62.4%	100%	.64

Variable Comparisons

Age Education Household income Religion Sex

Age (I-AGE)

	18-24 years old	25-34 years old	35-44 years old	45-54 years old	55-64 years old	65+ years old	TOTAL
Strongly agree	1.3% 7	3.2% 6	1.1% 3	0.0% 0	0.7% 1	0.00% 0	1.3% 17
Agree	1.9% 10	2.6% 5	3.3% 9	1.7% 3	5.9% 8	0.00% 0	2.7% 35
Neither agree nor disagree	8.6% 45	5.8% 11	7.3% 20	7.2% 13	5.9% 8	0.00% 0	7.5% 97
Disagree	27.4% 143	30.7% 58	22.3% 61	26.0% 47	23.7% 32	0.00% 0	26.2% 341
Strongly disagree	60.7% 317	57.7% 109	66.1% 181	65.2% 118	63.7% 86	0.00% 0	62.3% 811
TOTAL	100.0% 522	100.0% 189	100.0% 274	100.0% 181	100.0% 135	100.0% 0	1301

Education (I-EDUC)

	Illiterate	Elementary and primary (includes elementary school so goes from first grade to eighth grade)	Secondary	BA (completion of college degree)	MA or higher	TOTAL
Strongly agree	1.0% 1	1.5% 6	1.0% 4	1.8% 6	0.0% 0	1.3% 17
Agree	5.0% 5	3.9% 16	1.2% 5	2.7% 9	0.0% 0	2.7% 35
Neither agree nor disagree	2.0% 2	8.0% 33	8.5% 34	7.7% 26	3.6% 2	7.5% 97
Disagree	26.0% 26	26.8% 110	25.2% 101	25.3% 85	34.5% 19	26.2% 341
Strongly disagree	66.0% 66	59.8% 245	64.1% 257	62.5% 210	61.8% 34	62.4% 812
TOTAL	100.0% 100	100.0% 410	100.0% 401	100.0% 336	100.0% 55	1302

Household income (I-INCOME)

	First quintile	Second quintile	Third quintile	Fourth quintile	Fifth quintile	TOTAL
Strongly agree	3.3% 8	0.00% 0	0.4% 2	0.00% 0	1.2% 7	1.3% 17
Agree	2.1% 5	0.00% 0	2.9% 14	0.00% 0	2.8% 16	2.7% 35
Neither agree nor disagree	7.8% 19	0.00% 0	6.4% 31	0.00% 0	8.2% 47	7.5% 97
Disagree	28.8% 70	0.00% 0	22.9% 111	0.00% 0	28.0% 160	26.3% 341
Strongly disagree	58.0% 141	0.00% 0	67.4% 327	0.00% 0	59.7% 341	62.3% 809
TOTAL	100.0% 243	100.0% 0	100.0% 485	100.0% 0	100.0% 571	1299

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Muslim	Christian	Jew	Other	TOTAL
Strongly agree	1.3% 17	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	1.3% 17
Agree	2.7% 35	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	2.7% 35
Neither agree nor disagree	7.5% 97	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	7.5% 97
Disagree	26.2% 341	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	26.2% 341
Strongly disagree	62.4% 812	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	62.4% 812
TOTAL	100.0% 1302	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	1302

Sex (I-SEX)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Strongly agree	0.6% 4	2.0% 13	1.3% 17
Agree	2.4% 16	3.0% 19	2.7% 35
Neither agree nor disagree	8.9% 59	5.9% 38	7.5% 97
Disagree	26.6% 176	25.8% 165	26.2% 341
Strongly disagree	61.5% 407	63.3% 405	62.4% 812
TOTAL	100.0% 662	100.0% 640	1302