Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset, 1988-2010

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M1A To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements? In a democracy, the economy runs badly.   1) Strongly agree   2) Agree   3) Disagree   4) Strongly disagree

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Strongly agree	2576	7.2%	7.2%	-2.25
Agree	6406	18%	25.2%	-1.12
Disagree	15219	42.7%	67.9%	0
Strongly disagree	11425	32.1%	100%	1.13

Variable Comparisons

Age Education Household income Religion Sex

Age (I-AGE)

	18-24 years old	25-34 years old	35-44 years old	45-54 years old	55-64 years old	65+ years old	TOTAL
Strongly agree	7.5% 637	7.4% 771	7.1% 563	6.8% 316	7.3% 174	5.7% 83	7.2% 2544
Agree	19.7% 1686	18.8% 1952	17.1% 1349	17.1% 798	13.7% 326	16.0% 234	18.0% 6345
Disagree	44.2% 3778	43.0% 4471	42.4% 3349	41.2% 1921	41.9% 999	39.9% 584	42.7% 15102
Strongly disagree	28.6% 2441	30.8% 3202	33.4% 2639	34.9% 1627	37.1% 885	38.4% 562	32.1% 11356
TOTAL	100.0% 8542	100.0% 10396	100.0% 7900	100.0% 4662	100.0% 2384	100.0% 1463	35347

Education (I-EDUC)

	Illiterate	Elementary and primary (includes elementary school so goes from first grade to eighth grade)	Secondary	BA (completion of college degree)	MA or higher	TOTAL
Strongly agree	7.4% 430	6.8% 642	7.2% 638	7.6% 672	7.1% 171	7.2% 2553
Agree	17.7% 1022	18.0% 1684	17.4% 1540	19.0% 1676	17.5% 420	18.0% 6342
Disagree	39.5% 2285	41.7% 3912	41.0% 3639	46.0% 4057	47.1% 1133	42.6% 15026
Strongly disagree	35.5% 2053	33.5% 3138	34.4% 3056	27.5% 2424	28.3% 682	32.2% 11353
TOTAL	100.0% 5790	100.0% 9376	100.0% 8873	100.0% 8829	100.0% 2406	35274

Household income (I-INCOME)

	First quintile	Second quintile	Third quintile	Fourth quintile	Fifth quintile	TOTAL
Strongly agree	8.9% 335	7.5% 409	7.1% 308	6.2% 467	6.3% 600	6.9% 2119
Agree	19.5% 731	19.5% 1062	16.9% 732	15.6% 1174	17.0% 1625	17.4% 5324
Disagree	40.9% 1535	41.9% 2279	44.2% 1916	43.0% 3231	44.9% 4294	43.3% 13255
Strongly disagree	30.7% 1150	31.0% 1686	31.8% 1380	35.1% 2635	31.9% 3049	32.4% 9900
TOTAL	100.0% 3751	100.0% 5436	100.0% 4336	100.0% 7507	100.0% 9568	30598

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Muslim	Christian	Jew	Other	TOTAL
Strongly agree	7.2% 2473	6.0% 69	15.7% 13	22.0% 9	7.2% 2564
Agree	18.1% 6194	12.7% 147	27.7% 23	14.6% 6	18.0% 6370
Disagree	42.9% 14634	38.4% 443	34.9% 29	41.5% 17	42.7% 15123
Strongly disagree	31.8% 10845	42.8% 494	21.7% 18	22.0% 9	32.1% 11366
TOTAL	100.0% 34146	100.0% 1153	100.0% 83	100.0% 41	35423

Sex (I-SEX)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Strongly agree	7.2% 1327	7.2% 1248	7.2% 2575
Agree	16.9% 3099	19.1% 3301	18.0% 6400
Disagree	43.1% 7893	42.4% 7316	42.7% 15209
Strongly disagree	32.8% 6014	31.3% 5396	32.1% 11410
TOTAL	100.0% 18333	100.0% 17261	35594