General Social Survey, 2018 - Instructional Dataset

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GETAHEAD Some people say that people get ahead by their own hard work; others say that lucky breaks or help from other people are more important. Which do you think is most important?   1) Hard work most important   2) Hard work, luck equally important   3) Luck most important

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Hard work most important	1127	72.3%	72.3%	-0.57
Hard work, luck equally important	239	15.3%	87.6%	0.86
Luck most important	193	12.4%	100.0%	2.29

Variable Comparisons

Age Worship attendance Political ideology Race Religion Sex

Age (I-AGE)

	18-29	30-44	45-59	60-74	75 or older	TOTAL
Hard work most important	71.8% 206	71.2% 326	74.5% 266	74.4% 232	66.4% 95	72.3% 1125
Hard work, luck equally important	15.7% 45	15.3% 70	15.7% 56	14.1% 44	16.8% 24	15.4% 239
Luck most important	12.5% 36	13.5% 62	9.8% 35	11.5% 36	16.8% 24	12.4% 193
TOTAL	100.0% 287	100.0% 458	100.0% 357	100.0% 312	100.0% 143	1557

Worship attendance (I-ATTEND)

	Never	Less than once a year	About once a year	Several times a year	One to three times a month	Nearly every week	Every week or several times a week	TOTAL
Hard work most important	70.7% 335	66.7% 62	72.7% 141	66.5% 103	74.8% 163	69.6% 48	77.2% 268	72.3% 1120
Hard work, luck equally important	15.6% 74	21.5% 20	15.5% 30	15.5% 24	12.8% 28	21.7% 15	13.3% 46	15.3% 237
Luck most important	13.7% 65	11.8% 11	11.9% 23	18.1% 28	12.4% 27	8.7% 6	9.5% 33	12.5% 193
TOTAL	100.0% 474	100.0% 93	100.0% 194	100.0% 155	100.0% 218	100.0% 69	100.0% 347	1550

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	Extremely liberal or liberal	Slightly liberal	Moderate, middle of the road	Slightly conservative	Conservative or extremely conservative	TOTAL
Hard work most important	62.0% 171	65.5% 110	73.9% 433	76.0% 136	80.2% 227	72.2% 1077
Hard work, luck equally important	17.8% 49	14.9% 25	14.7% 86	17.3% 31	14.1% 40	15.5% 231
Luck most important	20.3% 56	19.6% 33	11.4% 67	6.7% 12	5.7% 16	12.3% 184
TOTAL	100.0% 276	100.0% 168	100.0% 586	100.0% 179	100.0% 283	1492

Race (I-RACE)

	White	Black	Other	TOTAL
Hard work most important	73.6% 832	69.3% 178	68.0% 117	72.3% 1127
Hard work, luck equally important	14.7% 166	16.0% 41	18.6% 32	15.3% 239
Luck most important	11.7% 132	14.8% 38	13.4% 23	12.4% 193
TOTAL	100.0% 1130	100.0% 257	100.0% 172	1559

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Protestant	Catholic	Jewish	None	Other (specify)	TOTAL
Hard work most important	77.2% 588	73.5% 225	52.0% 13	65.4% 246	62.7% 47	72.5% 1119
Hard work, luck equally important	12.2% 93	15.7% 48	32.0% 8	18.1% 68	25.3% 19	15.3% 236
Luck most important	10.6% 81	10.8% 33	16.0% 4	16.5% 62	12.0% 9	12.2% 189
TOTAL	100.0% 762	100.0% 306	100.0% 25	100.0% 376	100.0% 75	1544

Sex (I-SEX)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Hard work most important	70.6% 491	73.6% 636	72.3% 1127
Hard work, luck equally important	15.3% 106	15.4% 133	15.3% 239
Luck most important	14.1% 98	11.0% 95	12.4% 193
TOTAL	100.0% 695	100.0% 864	1559