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Davis, J. A., & Smith, T. W. (2019, February 10). General Social Survey, 1996.
Summary
The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center annually since 1972 except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed as part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. Items on religion include religious preference, church attendance, beliefs about the Bible, attitudes toward organized religion and its opponents, and more. In addition, it contains a special module examining respondents' images of God. The survey also contains topical modules on national identity, the role of government, and mental health.
To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the ARDA’s Syntax Repository.
Survey data were taken through personal interviews.
Sampling Procedures
The 1996 GSS is a national probability sample that follows a biennial, double sample design adopted in 1994 (this biennial, split-sample design was instituted, consisting of two parallel subsamples of approximately 1,500 cases each, with identical cores and different topical ISSP modules; in effect, the two samples can be viewed as representing the traditional GSS for two consecutive years, although they are fielded together). Full probability sampling was employed in 1998 for all noninstitutionalized English-speaking persons eighteen years of age or older, living in the United States.
The national sample uses a variation of the stratified probability proportional to size (PPS) method. First, the nation is divided into clusters, called primary sampling units (PSUs). PSUs are based on counties; the total number of households in each county, as reported by the most recent census....Each metropolitan county is regarded as a PSU, as are many nonmetropolitan counties. Sparsely populated rural counties are merged into adjacent county units to obtain a minimum of 2,000 housing units.
Since NORC samples are based on 100 PSUs, the total number of housing units for a year is divided by 100 to yield a sampling interval (some PSUs have total numbers of housing units exceeding the sampling interval, making it impossible for them not to be included in a sample, see Tourangeau, Johnson, Qian, and Shin, 1993 for further discussion on how these PSUs are treated). Each PSU is assigned a number range based on its total number of housing units. Then a random number is selected, and the first PSU selected is the one within whose range the random number falls. Additional PSUs are selected by adding the sample interval to the initial random number on a cumulative basis.
Once the 100 PSUs are selected, block segments consisting of linked groups of one or more geographically contiguous census blocs are also selected. Segment selections were made using PPS methods on the basis of the total number of housing units in the PPS relative to the national total. (Taken from, Stark and Roberts, 1998 "Contemporary Research Social Research Methods" Bellevue, WA: MicroCase Corporation.)
Note 1: Note 1: 1980 Occupation Codes and Prestige Scores
OCC PRE PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND KINDRED WORKERS 001 57 Accountants 002 71 Architects Computer specialists 003 51 Computer programmers 004 51 Computer systems analysts, n.e.c 005 51 Computer specialists, n.e.c Engineers 006 71 Aeronautical and astronautical engineers 010 67 Chemical engineers 011 68 Civil engineers 012 69 Electrical and electronic engineers 013 54 Industrial engineers 014 62 Mechanical engineers 015 56 Metallurgical and materials engineers 020 62 Mining engineers 021 67 Petroleum engineers 022 51 Sales engineers 023 67 Engineers, n.e.c 024 54 Farm management advisors 025 54 Foresters and conservationists 026 54 Home management advisers Lawyers and judges 030 76 Judges 031 76 Lawyers Librarians, archivists, and curators 032 55 Librarians 033 66 Archivists and curators Mathematical specialists 034 55 Actuaries 035 65 Mathematicians 036 55 Statisticians Life and Physical scientists 042 56 Agricultural scientists 043 68 Atmospheric and space scientists 044 68 Biological scientists 045 69 Chemists 051 67 Geologists 052 68 Marine scientists 053 74 Physicists and astronomers 054 68 Life and Physical scientist, n.e.c 055 51 Operations and systems researchers and analysts 056 56 Personnel and labor relations workers Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners 061 60 Chiropractors 062 74 Dentists 063 62 Optometrists 064 61 Pharmacists 065 82 Physicians, including osteopaths 071 37 Podiatrists 072 60 Veterinarians 073 52 Health practitioners, n.e.c Nurses, dieticians, and therapists 074 52 Dieticians 075 62 Registered nurses 076 37 Therapists Health technologists and technicians 080 61 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 081 61 Dental hygienists 082 61 Health record technologists and technicians 083 61 Radiologic technologists and technicians 084 37 Therapy assistants 085 47 Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c Religious workers 086 69 Clergymen 090 56 Religious workers Social scientists 091 57 Economists 092 66 Political scientists 093 71 Psychologists 094 66 Sociologists 095 66 Urban and regional planners 096 66 Social scientists, n.e.c Social and recreation workers 100 52 Social workers 101 49 Recreation workers Teachers, college and university 102 78 Agriculture teachers 103 78 Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space teachers 104 78 Biology teachers 105 78 Chemistry teachers 110 78 Physics teachers 111 78 Engineering teachers 112 78 Mathematics teachers 113 78 Health specialists teachers 114 78 Psychology teachers 115 78 Business and commerce teachers 116 78 Economics teachers 120 78 History teachers 121 78 Sociology teachers 122 78 Social science teachers, n.e.c 123 78 Art, drama, and music teachers 124 78 Coaches and physical education teachers 125 78 Education teachers 126 78 English teachers 130 78 Foreign language teachers 131 78 Home economics teachers 132 78 Law teachers 133 78 Theology teachers 134 78 Trade, industrial and technical teachers 135 78 Miscellaneous teachers, college and university 140 78 Teachers, college and university, subject not specified Teachers, except college and university 141 43 Adult education teachers 142 60 Elementary school teachers 143 60 Pre-kindergarten and kindergarten teachers 144 63 Secondary school teachers 145 43 Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c Engineering and science technicians 150 47 Agriculture and biological technicians, except health 151 47 Chemical technicians 152 56 Draftsmen 153 47 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 154 47 Industrial engineering technicians 155 47 Mechanical engineering technicians 156 47 Mathematical technicians 161 53 Surveyors 162 47 Engineering and science technicians, n.e.c Technicians, except health, engineering and science 163 70 Airplane pilots 164 43 Air traffic controllers 165 52 Embalmers 170 47 Flight engineers 171 43 Radio operators 172 47 Tool programmers, numerical control 173 47 Technicians, n.e.c 174 51 Vocational and educational counselors Writers, artists, and entertainers 175 55 Actors 180 51 Athletes and kindred workers 181 60 Authors 182 38 Dancers 183 58 Designers 184 51 Editors and reporters 185 46 Musicians and composers 190 56 Painters and sculptors 191 41 Photographers 192 57 Public relations men and publicity writers 193 51 Radio and television announcers 194 51 Writers, artists, and entertainers, n.e.c 195 51 Research workers, not specified 196 51 Professional, technical, and kindred workers-allocated
OCC PRE MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, EXCEPT FARM 201 61 Assessors, controllers, and treasurers, local public administrators 202 72 Bank officers and financial managers 203 41 Buyers and shippers, farm products 205 50 Buyers, wholesale and retail trade 210 49 Credit Men 211 52 Funeral directors 212 61 Health administrators 213 41 Construction inspectors, public administration 215 41 Inspectors, except construction, public administration 216 38 Managers and superintendents, building 220 50 Office managers, n.e.c 221 60 Officers, pilots, and pursers; ship 222 61 Officials and administrators; public administration, n.e.c. 223 58 Officials of lodges, societies, and unions 224 58 Postmasters and mail superintendents 225 48 Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c 226 41 Railroad conductors 230 39 Restaurant, cafeteria and bar managers 231 50 Sales managers and department heads, retail trade 233 50 Sales managers, except retail trade 235 61 School administrators, college 240 60 School administrators, elementary and secondary 245 50 Managers and administrators, n.e.c 246 50 Managers and administrators, except farm-allocated
OCC PRE SALES WORKERS 260 42 Advertising agents and salesmen 261 32 Auctioneers 262 28 Demonstrators 264 18 Hucksters and peddlers 265 47 Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters 266 15 Newsboys 270 44 Real estate agents and brokers 271 51 Stock and bond salesmen 280 34 Salesmen and sales clerks, n.e.c 281 49 Sales representatives, manufacturing industries 282 40 Sales representatives, wholesale trade 283 29 Sales clerks, retail trade 284 29 Salesmen, retail trade 285 34 Salesmen of services and construction 296 34 Sales workers-allocated
OCC PRE CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS 301 50 Bank tellers 303 45 Billing clerks 305 48 Bookkeepers 310 31 Cashiers 311 36 Clerical assistants, social welfare 312 36 Clerical supervisors, n.e.c 313 26 Collectors, bill and account 314 36 Counter clerks, except food 315 34 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 320 36 Enumerators and interviewers 321 36 Estimators and investigators, n.e.c 323 36 Expeditors and production controllers 325 30 File clerks 326 48 Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators 330 41 Library attendants and assistants 331 42 Mail carriers, post office 332 36 Mailhandlers, except post office 333 19 Messengers and office boys 334 36 Meter readers, utilities Office machine operators 341 45 Bookkeeping and billing machine operators 342 45 Calculating machine operators 343 45 Computer and peripheral equipment operators 344 45 Duplicating machine operators 345 45 Keypunch operators 350 45 Tabulating machine operators 355 45 Office machine operators, n.e.c 360 41 Payroll and timekeeping clerks 361 43 Postal clerks 362 36 Proofreaders 363 43 Real estate appraisers 364 39 Receptionists Secretaries 370 46 Secretaries, legal 371 46 Secretaries, medical 372 46 Secretaries, n.e.c 374 29 Shipping and receiving clerks 375 36 Statistical clerks 376 43 Stenographers 381 23 Stock clerks and storekeepers 382 36 Teacher aides, except school monitors 383 30 Telegraph messengers 385 40 Telegraph operators 390 35 Ticket, station, and express agents 391 41 Typists 392 36 Weighers 394 36 Miscellaneous clerical workers 395 36 Not specified clerical workers 396 36 Clerical and kindred workers-allocated
OCC PRE CRAFTSMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS 401 47 Automobile accessories installers 402 34 Bakers 403 36 Blacksmiths 404 31 Boilermakers 405 31 Bookbinders 410 36 Brickmasons and stonemasons 411 36 Brickmasons and stonemasons, apprentices 412 33 Bulldozer operators 413 39 Cabinetmakers 415 40 Carpenters 416 40 Carpenter apprentices 420 47 Carpet installers 421 32 Cement and concrete finishers 422 38 Compositors and typesetters 423 40 Printing trades apprentices, except pressmen 424 39 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 425 37 Decorators and window dressers 426 47 Dental laboratory technicians 430 49 Electricians 431 41 Electrician apprentices 433 39 Electric power linemen and cablemen 434 38 Electrotypers and stereotypers 435 41 Engravers, except photoengravers Excavating, grading and road machine operators, 436 33 except bulldozer 440 40 Floor layers, except tile setters 441 45 Foremen, n.e.c 442 36 Forgemen and hammermen 443 29 Furniture and wood finishers 444 35 Furriers 445 26 Glaziers 446 36 Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers 450 31 Inspectors, scalers, and graders: log and lumber 452 31 Inspectors, n.e.c 453 37 Jewelers and watchmakers 454 48 Job and die setters, metal 455 51 Locomotive engineers 456 36 Locomotive firemen 461 48 Machinists 462 41 Machinist apprentices Mechanics and repairmen 470 37 Air conditioning, heating and refrigeration 471 48 Aircraft 472 37 Automobile body repairmen 473 37 Automobile mechanics 474 37 Automobile mechanic apprentices 475 34 Data processing machine repairmen 480 33 Farm implements 481 33 Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel Household appliance and accessory installers 482 33 and mechanics 483 30 Loom fixers 484 34 Office machines 485 35 Radio and television 486 37 Railroad and car shop 491 41 Mechanic, except auto, apprentices 492 35 Miscellaneous mechanics and repairmen 495 35 Not specified mechanics and repairmen 501 25 Millers; grain, flour, and feed 502 40 Millwrights 503 39 Molders, metal 504 39 Molder, apprentices 506 51 Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers 510 30 Painters, construction and maintenance 511 30 Painter apprentices 512 24 Paperhangers 514 39 Pattern and model makers, except paper 515 40 Photoengravers and lithographers 516 32 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 520 33 Plasterers 521 33 Plasterer apprentices 522 41 Plumber and pipe fitters 523 41 Plumber and pipe fitter apprentices 525 39 Power station operators 530 40 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 531 40 Pressmen and apprentices 533 36 Rollers and finishers, metal 534 31 Roofers and slaters 535 37 Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths 536 37 Sheet metal apprentices 540 36 Shipfitters 542 33 Shoe repairmen 543 30 Sign painters and letterers 545 35 Stationary engineers 546 33 Stone cutters and stone carvers 550 36 Structural metal craftsmen 551 41 Tailors 552 39 Telephone installers and repairmen 554 39 Telephone linemen and splicers 560 36 Tile setters 561 42 Tool and die makers 562 41 Tool and die maker apprentices 563 30 Upholsters 571 41 Specified craft apprentices, n.e.c 572 41 Not specified apprentices 575 47 Craftsmen and kindred workers, n.e.c 580 47 Former members of the Armed Forces 575 47 Craftsmen and kindred workers, n.e.c 590 47 Current members of the Armed Forces 601 28 Asbestos and insulation workers 602 27 Assemblers 603 32 Blasters and powdermen 604 23 Bottling and canning operatives 605 39 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen; surveying 610 36 Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing 611 18 Clothing ironers and pressers 612 26 Cutting operatives, n.e.c 613 32 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 614 27 Drillers, earth 615 27 Dry wall installers and lathers 620 25 Dyers 621 19 Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers 622 33 Furnacemen, smeltermen, and pourers 623 22 Garage workers and gas station attendants 624 33 Graders and sorters, manufacturing Produce graders and packers, except factory and 625 19 farm 626 33 Heaters, metal 630 18 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c 631 32 Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing 633 28 Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing 634 19 Meat wrappers, retail trade 635 29 Metal platers 636 33 Milliners 640 26 Mine operatives, n.e.c 641 29 Mixing operatives 642 24 Oilers and greasers, except auto 643 19 Packers and wrappers, n.e.c 644 29 Painters, manufactured articles 645 36 Photographic process workers Precision machine operatives 650 29 Drill press operatives 651 29 Grinding machine operatives 652 29 Lathe and milling machine operatives 653 29 Precision machine operatives, n.e.c 656 29 Punch and stamping press operatives 660 29 Riveters and fasteners 661 34 Sailors and deckhands 662 28 Sawyers 663 25 Sewers and stitchers 664 32 Shoemaking machine operatives 665 29 Solderers 666 33 Stationary firemen Textile operatives 670 29 Carding, lapping, and combing operatives 671 29 Knitters, loopers, and toppers 672 25 Spinners, twisters, and winders 673 25 Weavers 674 29 Textile operatives, n.e.c 680 40 Welders and flame-cutters 681 29 Winding operatives, n.e.c 690 32 Machine operatives, miscellaneous specified 692 32 Machine operatives, not specified 694 32 Miscellaneous operatives 695 32 Not specified operatives 696 32 Operatives, except transport-allocated
OCC PRE TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATIVES 701 37 Boatmen and canalmen 703 32 Bus drivers 704 28 Conductors and motormen, urban rail transit 705 28 Deliverymen and routemen 706 29 Fork lift and tow motor operatives 710 27 Motormen; mine, factory, logging camp, etc 711 22 Parking attendants 712 35 Railroad brakemen 713 33 Railroad switchmen 714 22 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs 715 32 Truck drivers 726 29 Transport equipment operatives-allocated
OCC PRE LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM 740 29 Animal caretakers, except farm 750 23 Carpenters' helpers 751 17 Construction laborers, except carpenters' helpers 752 30 Fishermen and oystermen 753 17 Freight and material handlers 754 17 Garbage collectors 755 23 Gardeners and groundkeepers, except farm 760 24 Longshoremen and stevedores 761 26 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 762 17 Stockhandlers 763 12 Teamsters 764 17 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners 770 20 Warehousemen, n.e.c 780 17 Miscellaneous labors 785 17 Not specified laborers 796 17 Laborers, except farm-allocated
OCC PRE FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 801 41 Farmers (owners and tenants) 802 44 Farm managers 806 41 Farmers and farm managers-allocated
OCC PRE FARMERS LABORERS AND FARM FOREMEN 821 35 Farm foremen 822 18 Farm laborers, wage workers 823 18 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 824 27 Farm service laborers, self-employed 846 19 Farm laborers, farm foremen, and kindred workers-allocated
OCC PRE SERVICE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD Cleaning service workers 901 14 Chambermaids and maids, except private household 902 12 Cleaners and charwomen 903 16 Janitors and sextons Food service workers 910 20 Bartenders 911 22 Busboys 912 26 Cooks, except private household 913 22 Dishwashers 914 15 Food counters and fountain workers 915 20 Waiters 916 22 Food service workers, n.e.c. except private household Health service workers 921 48 Dental assistants 922 48 Health aides, except nursing 923 36 Health trainees 924 23 Midwives 925 36 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 926 42 Practical nurses Personal service workers 931 36 Airline stewardesses 932 15 Attendants, recreation and amusement 933 14 Attendants, personal service, n.e.c 934 14 Baggage porters and bell hops 935 38 Barbers 940 22 Boarding and lodging housekeepers 941 09 Bootblacks 942 25 Child care workers, except private households 943 21 Elevator operators 944 33 Hairdressers and cosmetologists 945 14 Personal service apprentices 950 36 Housekeepers, except private households 952 22 School monitors 953 15 Ushers, recreation and amusement 954 14 Welfare service aides Protective service workers 960 24 Crossing guards and bridge tenders 961 44 Firemen, fire protection 962 22 Guards and watchmen 963 46 Marshals and constables 964 48 Policemen and detectives 965 55 Sheriffs and bailiffs 976 25 Serrvice workers, except private household-allocated
IND AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES A(017) Agricultural production 018 Agricultural services, except horticultural 019 Horticultural services 027 Forestry 028 Fisheries
IND MINING 047 Metal mining 048 Coal mining 049 Crude petroleum and natural gas extractions 057 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel
IND CONSTRUCTION 067 General building contractors 068 General contractors, except building B(069) Special trade contractors 077 Not specified construction
IND MANUFACTURING Durable goods Lumber and wood products, except furniture 107 Logging 108 Sawmills, planning mills, and mill work 109 Miscellaneous wood products 118 Furniture fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products 119 Glass and glass products 127 Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 128 Structural clay products 137 Pottery and related products 138 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products Metal industries 139 Blast furnaces, steel works, rolling and finishing mills 147 Other primary iron and steel industries 148 Primary aluminum industries 149 Other primary non ferrous industries 157 Cutlery, hand tools, and other hardware 158 Fabricated structural metal products 159 Screw machine products 167 Metal stamping 168 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 169 Not specified metal products Machinery, except electrical 177 Engines and turbines 178 Farm machinery and equipment 179 Construction and material handling machines 187 Metalworking machinery 188 Office and accounting machines 189 Electronic computing equipment 197 Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c 198 Not specified machinery Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 199 Household appliances 207 Radio, T.V., and communication equipment 208 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c 209 Not specified electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies Transportation equipment 219 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 227 Aircraft and parts 228 Ship and boat building and repairing 229 Railroad locomotives and equipment 237 Mobile dwellings and campers 238 Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment Professional and photographic equipment, and watches 239 Scientific and controlling instruments 247 Optical and health services supplies 248 Photographic equipment and supplies 249 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devices 257 Not specified professional equipment 258 Ordinance 259 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products 268 Meat products 269 Dairy products 278 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and sea foods 279 Grain-mill products 287 Bakery projects 288 Confectionery and related products 289 Beverage industries 297 Miscellaneous food preparation and kindred products 298 Not specified food industries 299 Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products 307 Knitting mills 308 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wood and knit goods 309 Floor coverings, except hard surface 317 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 381 Miscellaneous textile mill products Apparel and other fabricated textile products C(319) Apparel and accessories 327 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products Paper and allied products 328 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 329 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 337 Paperboard containers and boxes Printing, publishing, and allied industries 338 Newspaper publishing and printing Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except 339 newspapers Chemicals and allied products 347 Industrial chemicals 348 Plastics, synthetics and resins, except fibers 349 Synthetic fibers 357 Drugs and medicines 358 Soaps and cosmetics 359 Paints, varnishes, and related products 367 Agricultural chemicals 368 Miscellaneous chemicals 369 Not specified chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products 377 Petroleum refining 387 Miscellaneous plastic products Leather and leather products . . 388 Tanned, curried, and finished leather 389 Footwear, except rubber 397 Leather products, except footwear 398 Not specified manufacturing industries
IND TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES Transportation D(407) Railroads and railway express service 408 Street railways and bus lines 409 Taxicab service 417 Trucking service 418 Warehousing and storage 419 Water transportation 427 Air transportation 428 Pipe lines, except natural gas 429 Services incidental to transportation Communications 447 Radio broadcasting and television 448 Telephone (wire and radio) 449 Telegraph and miscellaneous communication services Utilities and sanitary services 467 Electric light and power 468 Electric-gas utilities 469 Gas and steam supply systems 477 Water supply 478 Sanitary services 479 Other and not specified utilities
IND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE Wholesale trade 507 Motor vehicles and equipment 508 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 509 Dry goods and apparel 527 Food and related products 528 Farm products-raw materials 529 Electrical goods 537 Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies 538 Not specified electrical and hardware products 539 Machinery equipment and supplies 557 Metals and minerals, n.e.c 558 Petroleum products 559 Scrap and waste materials 567 Alcoholic beverages 568 Paper and its products 569 Lumber and construction materials 587 Wholesalers, n.e.c 588 Not specified wholesale trade Retail trade 607 Lumber and building material retailing 608 Hardware and farm equipment stores E(609) Department and mail order establishments 617 Limited price variety stores 618 Vending machine operators 619 Direct selling establishments 627 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores F(628) Grocery stores 629 Dairy product stores 637 Retail bakeries 638 Food stores, n.e.c 639 Motor vehicle dealers 647 Tire, battery, and accessory dealers 648 Gasoline service stations 649 Miscellaneous vehicle dealers 657 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe stores 658 Shoe stores 667 Furniture and home furnishing stores 668 Household appliances, TV, and radio stores G(669) Eating and drinking places 677 Drug stores 678 Liquor stores 679 Farm and garden supply stores 687 Jewelry stores 688 Fuel and ice dealers 689 Retail florists 697 Miscellaneous retail stores 698 Not specified retail trade
IND FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 707 Banking 708 Credit agencies 709 Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies 717 Insurance 718 Real estate, incl. real estate-insurance-law offices
IND BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES 727 Advertising 728 Services to dwellings and other buildings 729 Commercial research, development, and testing labs 737 Employment and temporary help agencies 738 Business management and consulting services 739 Computer programming services 747 Detective and protective services 748 Business services, n.e.c 749 Automobile services, except repair 758 Electrical repair shops 759 Miscellaneous repair services
IND PERSONAL SERVICES H(769) Private households 777 Hotels and motels 778 Lodging places, except hotels and motels 779 Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services 787 Beauty shops 788 Barber shops 789 Shoe repair shops 797 Dressmaking shops 798 Miscellaneous personal services
IND ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES 807 Theaters and motion pictures 808 Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors 809 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services
PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES 828 Offices of physicians 829 Offices of dentists 837 Offices of chiropractors J(838) Hospitals 839 Convalescent institutions 847 Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c 848 Health services, n.e.c 849 Legal services K(857) Elementary and secondary schools 858 Colleges and universities 859 Libraries 867 Educational services, n.e.c 868 Not specified educational services 869 Museums, art galleries, and zoos 877 Religious organizations 878 Welfare services 879 Residential welfare facilities 887 Nonprofit membership organizations 888 Engineering and architectural services 889 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 897 Miscellaneous professional and related services
IND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 907 Postal service L(917) Federal public administration 927 State public administration M(937)Local public administration
Note 3: NORC Size of Place
NORC SIZE
1 Within an SMSA and--a large central city (over 250,000) 2 a medium size central city (50,000 to 250,000) 3 a suburb of a large central city 4 a suburb of a medium size central city 5 an unincorporated area of a large central city (division, township, etc) 6 an unincorporated area of a medium central city 7 Not within an SMSA, (within a county) and--a small city (10,000 to 49,999) 8 a town or village (2,500 to 9,999) 9 an incorporated area less than 2,500 or an unincorporated area of 1,000 to 2,499 10 open country within larger civil divisions, eg, township, division
Note 4: SRC Belt Code
SRC BELT
1 Central city of 12 largest SMSAs 2 Central city of remainder of the 100 largest SMSAs 3 Suburbs of 12 largest SMSAs 4 Suburbs of the remaining 100 largest SMSAs 5 Other Urban (counties having towns of 10,000 or more) 6 Other rural (counties having no towns of 10,000 or more)
Angry at Self: 1. Angry at self because of something he/she did 2. Angry at self -- other (not an action, but a characteristic, trait, or other negative state)
Angry at Another Person for What They Did to You: 3. Person kept you from doing what you wanted to do 4. Person inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take you into account (mostly minor), taking you for granted 5. Person critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be some direct and overt action) 6. Person did something inherently bad to you (what is done is innately wrong - lied, cheated, etc.) 7. Person demanded too much of you 8. Person failed to do something they were supposed to do 9. Other 10. Person's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, or personal traits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards R, cause anger (this anger must be directed at particular people, not, for example, at a broad ethnic or religious group)
Angry at Another Person for What They Did to Someone/Group you Cared about 13. Person kept other(s) from doing what they wanted to do 14. Person inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take other(s) into account (mostly minor), taking others for granted 15. Person critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be some direct and overt action) 16. Person did something inherently bad to other(s) (what is done is innately wrong - lied, cheated, etc.) 17. Person demanded too much of other(s) 18. Person failed to do something they were supposed to do 19. Other 20. Person's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, or personal traits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards another person, cause anger (this anger must be directed at particular people, not, for example, at a broad ethnic or religious group)
Angry at Events, Circumstances (No particular person did something) 23. Kept you from doing what you wanted to do, directly (goal thwarted) 29. Other (direct affect on R) 32. The state of things, in general (perception of a wrong or negative state in the world; not an event specifically experienced by R) 39. Other (indirect affect on R)
Angry at an Association or Large Social Organization for What They Did to You (distinct individuals not to blame) 43. Organization kept you from doing what you wanted to do 44. Organization inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take you into account (mostly minor), taking you for granted 45. Organization critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be some direct and overt action) 46. Organization did something inherently bad to you (what is done is innately wrong - lied, cheated, etc.) 47. Organization demanded too much of you 48. Organization failed to do something they were supposed to do 49. Other 50. Organization's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, or traits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards R, cause anger (this anger must be directed at a specifically related organization, not a broad, general grouping such as 'students' or 'Jews')
Angry at an Association or Large Social Organization for What They Did to Someone/Group you Cared about (distinct individuals not to blame) 53. Organization kept other(s) from doing what they wanted to do 54. Organization inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take other(s) into account (mostly minor), taking others for granted 55. Organization critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be some direct and overt action) 56. Organization did something inherently bad to other(s) (what is done is innately wrong - lied, cheated, etc.) 57. Organization demanded too much of other(s) 58. Organization failed to do something they were supposed to do 59. Other 60. Organization's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, or traits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards another person, cause anger (this anger must be directed at a specifically related organization, not a broad, general grouping such as 'students' or 'Jews')
Unclassifiable 90. Not enough information to code, not clear enough, not related to above dimensions
Note 7: Codes for 1996 Topical Module: Mental Health
PROBFIX1-3, BRKDO1-3, MNILDO1-3
I. Denial 11. I would try to forget about it, not think about it
II. Displacement 21. Hostility. (Not directed at source of problem) I would get mad, irritable, take it out on someone else (R's response is not coded here if R's problem would involve another person, and R would get angry at that person. In such a case, (63) is coded.) 22. Would engage in activity. I would go for a walk; I would read a book; I would get busy with something else; I would try to get engrossed in something else to take my mind off it (here is coded any activity which R would engage in which does no directly deal with the problem, but may relieve some of the anxiety about it--unless medications, pills, etc., which are coded (61).) 23. Would seek release from awareness. Would get drunk, take a drink, take dope. 24. Would seek release from awareness. Would go to sleep (response is not coded here if R says, "I would go to sleep in order to get refreshed and be able to handle the problem better afterwards.") 25. Fantasy Action. R would think about magical type solutions to problems or would imagine problems don't exist. I would imagine myself as the president of the company and then nobody could criticize me
III. Passive Reaction 31. Nothing. I would do nothing, wouldn't do anything; there wouldn't be much to do about it; there would be nothing to do; I would just let things take their course; I would just hope for the best; would just give up
IV. Passive Reaction - Problem still salient 41. Worry. I would worry about it, I would fret over it; would just keep on worrying, thinking about it; I would keep on worrying till things work out
V. Passive Reaction - Religious 51. I would pray. Would turn to prayer; would trust in the lord (going to minister is not coded here; in such case, (82) is coded. If NA whether (51) or (82) should be coded, as turn to the church, go to the church, read the Bible, the scriptures or inspirational literature, (51) is coded.)
VI. Reactions which are not clearly coping or denial 61. Would take medications. Tranquilizers; Aspirins, etc. - any medication treating physical symptoms and tensions (if prescribed by a doctor, response is coded here and also under (82).) 62. Would pull myself together; exercise self-control (NA whether this is attempt to deny and forget the problem - coded under (11) - or prelude to attempts to solve the problem - coded in the (70s)) 63. Expressions of hostility directed at person seen as source of problem (if would not be directed at source of problem, (21) is coded.) 64. Palliatives measures which would 'cope" with a problem defined in physical or general terms, but would "deny" and/or "displace" specific "personal problems" - attempts to reduce immediate pressures and tensions. Take a vacation; would take it easier, try to relax a little more (except those responses coded in (61)) 65. Meditation 66. Faith or confidence in self; strength; fortitude 67. Social comparison; R better off than other; seeing others that are worse off than me. 68. Emphasis on positive aspects of life; optimism; sense of humor; positive view of life. 69. Other reactions which are not clearly coping or denial
VII. Coping Reaction - Independent 71. Self-assessment, thought would be mode of problem-solving attempts. I would try to figure out what is wrong; see what the problem is, who is at fault (if whether (71) or (72), (72) is coded 72. Immediate action would be mode of problem-solving. Would solve it; just keep on trying; would do something about it (if NA whether (71) or (72), (72) is coded.) 73. Would cope with interpersonal problem by talking it over with person involved. (if person not involved or if NA whether person involved or not, (81) is coded.). Would talk it over with spouse if marriage problem (Note. Specific person is not coded in SOURCES OF HELP) 74. Permanent situational limitation of sphere of activity would be mode of problem-solving; I'd get another job; I'd move to another city (temporary situational changes such as "I'd take a vacation" should be coded under (64).) 75. Permanent interpersonal limitation of sphere of activity would be mode of problem-solving. would eliminate and/or change relationships seen as causing problem (change friends; get a divorce)
VIII. Coping Reaction - Outside help sought 81. Talking it over with INFORMAL SOURCE(S) -- family, friends, neighbors, etc. (unless coping with interpersonal problems by talking it over with person involved, in which case, code 73. talk it over with someone, talk with --------------- about it; also code here general mentions of person(s). e.g., spending time with, being with family, friends, "my parents," "my wife," etc.; if NA whether 81 or 82, code 81. (specific people or institutions are coded ahead in SOURCES). 82. Talk it over with FORMAL SOURCE(S) -- doctor, lawyer, clergyman, psychiatrist, psychologist, counselor, etc.; include "got professional help," etc.; if source of help is both a formal AND informal source code 82; if NA whether 81 or 82, code 81.
IX. Missing Data 98. DK; it would never happen to me; wouldn't know what to do 99. NA
PROBHLP1-3, BRKDHLP1-3, MNILHLP1-3
I. Family is source of help 100. Spouse only family member mentioned 101. Child(ren) only family member(s) mentioned 102. Father only family member mentioned; father-in-law 103. Mother only family member mentioned; mother-in-law 104. Brother only family member mentioned 105. Sister only family member mentioned 106. "Family" (particular family member no specified) 107. Parents; father and mother 108. Any other combination of family members (e.g., wife and children; wife and parents; father and aunt); my relatives 190. Any other specific family member mentioned, if only one family member is mentioned; e.g., aunt, uncle; a relative
II. Non-professional, non-family persons 200. Friend(s), neighbor(s), acquaintance(s) is mentioned 201. Particular friend, neighbor, acquaintance is mentioned (unless work associate or boss, in which case (202) or (203) is coded). I would speak to my friend Mary; there's another person I respect very much - I'd talk to him (if NA whether R has a particular person(s) in mind, (200) is coded.) 202. Fellow worker, work associate(s) is mentioned 203. Supervisor, boss is mentioned 290. Other non-professional, non-family person(s)
III. Self-help groups 300. Alcoholics Anonymous 301. Lonely hearts club 302. Fraternal organizations 303. Parent-teacher organizations 304. Recovery Inc. 390. Other self-help groups
IV. Professional, non-mental health specialists 400. Clergymen 401. Family Physician 402. Physician-specialist (non-mental health) 403. Doctor -- Non-psychiatrist; family doctor not specified; type of doctor not specified 404. Other medical type specialists. Chiropractor; osteopath 405. Public health nurse 406. Teacher or principal 407. Visiting teacher, other teaching specialists 408. Lawyer 409. Policeman, court, judge 480. Other professional non-mental health specialists 490. Professional help, NA which kind
V. Professional, mental health specialists (Note. If R gives a specific person in a professional agency, both codes in the 500's and 600's series are coded.) 500. Psychiatrist; psychoanalyst 501. Neurologist, "Nerve Doctor" 502. Psychologist 503. Social worker 504. Vocational counselor 505. Marriage counselor 506. Counselor; NA specific kind 507. Rehabilitation specialist. Occupational therapist; speech therapist 508. Any "illegitimate" mental health specialist - astrologer, palmist, fortune teller, medium 509. Other professional mental health specialists
VI. Professional Agencies (Note. If R give a specific person in a professional agency, both codes in the 500's and 600's series are coded.) 600. Social welfare agency; specifically related to welfare, giving economic aid; departments of welfare of city, state 601. Social Service agencies; e.g., family service agency, Catholic charities 602. Child guidance clinic 603. Vocational guidance center, employment bureau 604. Hospital. NA what clinic or ward 605. Hospital. Mental institution 606. Hospital. Mental hygiene clinic; outpatient mental health unit 607. Mental hygiene clinic, not related or NA if related to hospital 608. Rehabilitation center; speech clinic 690. Other professional agency
VIII. Other 800. Other
IX. Missing data 998. DK whom I'd talk to, but would talk to someone 999 REFUSED BK INAP., R doesn't mention taking problem to anyone; no further mentions
BRKDWHY1-3, MNILWHY1-3
I External Situation 10. Financial condition. loss of money, not having enough money, too many debts 11. Housing condition. cramped, poor quarters 12. R's physical health. physical illness, physical disability, chronic conditions (R's Mental illness is coded in the 30s series) 13. Other persons physical health. someone close to R has chronic illness, other illness, physical disabilities causing nervous breakdown (14) is coded if another person's mental health problem. death is coded (15). 14. Other person mental health problem. someone close to R has mental disturbance (A psychotic episode) [code relationship] 15. Death of someone close to R 16. Physical separation (not death or illness) from someone close to R. when my husband was away in service; when my children were living in foster home 17. R's relocation to a strange place. when we were living in XXXXX for a while 18. work-related tension. overwork overtired from strain of business, business worries, working too hard (if R specifically sees himself as to blame for work failure, (37) is coded) 19. Other external situations precipitating nervous breakdown
II Interpersonal situation -- Relationship or other person blamed (Note. if an interpersonal problem precipitating nervous breakdown was perceived by R to reflect his own inadequacy, codes in the 30s series are used. If not ascertainable whether codes in the 20s or the 30s series should be used, the 20s series is coded.) 21. getting along in marriage. quarrel with spouse, etc. 22. getting along with children. my children talk back to me, get me nervous 23. getting Along with family (NA children or spouse). home problems. 24. getting along with relatives other than above. arguments with in-laws, parent, siblings, etc. 25. Getting along with opposite sex (not family members). Problem with fiancé(e), dating 26. Getting along with friends same sex as R or NA sex. Disagreement with a friend 29. Other interpersonal situations precipitating nervous breakdown
III Self Inadequacies (Fault is seen in R) 31. R's sexual problem - (all references to sexual problems, unless specified as a problem of the other person or in the relationship re coded here) 32. R's problems related to menopause 33. R's interpersonal inadequacy -- related to marriage. I wasn't a good wife 34. R's interpersonal inadequacy -- related to children. Couldn't handle the children any more (If depression after childbirth, it is coded 36) 35. R's interpersonal inadequacy -- related to getting along with people other than spouse or children. I'm very nervous whenever I'm with people 36. Depression after birth of children 37. work-related failures. I felt I had failed at my job (if R does not see fault for business, job failures a personal, it is coded 18). 38. Inadequacies related to alcohol or drug abuse 39. Other personal inadequacies
IV General, Nervous breakdown -- precipitating cause NA (All General descriptions of R's state.) 41. R feels upset often, worried often, overwhelmed by things, couldn't face problems, just giving up
VIII Other 80. Other precipitating condition for nervous breakdown
NOTE. THE FOLLOWING CODES USED BY AVTMH CODERS FOR A DEPRESSION QUESTION WERE ALSO USED HERE TO CODE THE CAUSES BECAUSE THEY WERE MORE TO THE POINT FOR SOME RESPONDENTS. When codes below were the same as codes above, we used the codes above. Codes below could be recoded to codes above.
I. ECONOMIC AND MATERIAL MATTERS.
FINANCIAL OR MATERIAL SITUATION (NON-RESIDENTIAL) 101. Poor or declining financial status. Not having enough money; too many debts; paying bills (if problem stated in terms of business, code 206) 102. Trouble with loan, mortgage. Receiving notification of foreclosure, letter of indebtedness, property repossessed or wages garnished 103. Loss of assets. Loss of money, property (non-residential), stock, etc. 104. Theft or destruction of property (non-residential). Robbery, vandalism, crimes against R's property 109. Other specific non-residential financial or material matters that happened to R (or R's spouse) 111. Bad financial or material situation of R's child(ren), stepchild(ren), child(ren) in-law 112. Bad financial or material situation of R's parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s) in-law 113. Bad financial or material situation of R's sibling(s), step sibling(s), sibling(s) in-law 119. Bad financial or material situation of someone other than R (or spouse) and persons codable in 111-113.
HOUSING -- PLACE OF RESIDENCE 121. Moved to or lives in poor (worse) house or apartment 122. Moved to or lives in poor (worse) neighborhood 123. Dislocation or relocation. Moved to new (strange) neighborhood, town, or country; changes in residence other than 121 or 122 124. Damage to residence (house or apartment); fire, vandalism, weather, etc 129. Other specific residence related matters that happened to R (or R's spouse) 131. Bad thing concerning residence that happened to R's child(ren), child(ren) in-law 132. Bad things concerning residence that happened to R's parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s) in-law 133. Bad things concerning residence that happened to R's sibling(s), step sibling(s), sibling(s) in-law 139. Bad things concerning residence that happened to someone other than R (or spouse) and persons codable in 131-133.
WORK-RELATED MATTERS 200. Problems finding a job. Couldn't (can't) find work 201. Quit job 202. Laid off 203. fired 204. Unemployed or lost job (no specific reference to quitting, being laid off or fired) 205. Retired from job or major life occupation 206. Business problems. Poor or declining business 207. Business failure 210. General statements about negative events at work. "don't like my job", etc 211. Failed to receive promotion, better job, desired job 212. Job demotion. Demoted or changed to poorer job or employer, less responsible job 213. Trouble with boss or supervisor 214. Trouble with co-workers. (code here any interpersonal difficulties at work with no specific mention of boss or supervisor) 215. Work-related failure. Failed at job 216. Work-related tension. Overwork, time pressures, working too hard, etc 217. Poor or deteriorating (Physical) work conditions. Health, safety, danger, distance, hours 219. Other specific work-related matters that happened to R (or spouse) 221. Bad things related to work that happened to R'S child(ren), stepchild)ren), child(ren)-in-law 222. Bad things related to work that happened to R's parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law 223. Bad things related to work that happened to R's sibling(s), step sibling(s), sibling(s)-in-law 229. Bad things related to work that happened to someone other than R (or Spouse) and persons codable in 221-223
III SCHOOL-RELATED MATTERS 300. General Statements about negative events related to school 301. Admission problems or failure. Not accepted at desired school, training program 302. Failure in school, training program; flunked a test, course; other failures in school 303. Changed schools 304. School-related pressures; meeting deadlines, pressures of studying, papers, exams; working too hard 309. Other specific school-related matters -- R ONLY 310. Bad things related to school that happened to R's spouse 311. Bad things related to school that happened to R's child(ren), stepchild(ren), child(ren)-in-law 319. Bad things related to school that happened to someone other than R and persons codable in 310-311
IV LEGAL DIFFICULTIES 400. Legal Problem(s) -- General, NA what kind 401. Involved in court action, lawsuit, legal action 402. Arrested or convicted of crime, violation of law 403. Detained in jail or correctional institution 404. Legal aspects of divorce, custody of children cited 405. Loss of driver's license 409. Other specific legal problems that happened to R ONLY 410. Legal difficulties involving R's SPOUSE 411. Legal difficulties involving R's child(ren), step-child(ren), child(ren)-in-law 419. Legal difficulties involving someone other than R and persons codable in 410-411
V INTERPERSONAL SITUATION 500. Loneliness, Isolation -- general. Interpersonal troubles or difficulties 501. Troubles with Family (NA whether spouse or children). Getting along with family; family problems, home problems; family quarrels or arguments 502. Troubles with Spouse. Getting along in marriage; troubles, quarrels with spouse, fighting, arguing or other interpersonal problems with husband or wife. 503. Troubles with child(ren); getting along with children; rasing children; children talk back, won't mind me, get me nervous. 504. Troubles with parent(s) or in-law(s). Getting along with mother/father or mother/father -in-law 505. Troubles with relative(s) or family member(s) other than above. E.g. argument with sibling(s), grandparent(s), etc. 506. Troubles with friend(s) of opposite sex (not family members). Getting along with girlfriend(s)/boyfriend(s), fiancé(e); problems with dating, etc. 507. Troubles with friend(s) of same sex as R or NA sex. Getting along with friend(s); disagreements, arguments or fights with friend(s) (if people at work, code 214) 508. (Unwanted) pregnancy of R, wife or girlfriend 509. Other specific interpersonal troubles or difficulties of R 511. Interpersonal difficulties of R's child(ren), step-child(ren), child(ren)-in-law, in-law problems of R's children 512. Interpersonal difficulties of R's Parents (s), step-parent(s), parent(s)-in-law, e.g., R's parents don't get along 513. Interpersonal difficulties of R's sibling(s), sibling(s)-in-law, e.g., marriage problems of R's brother 519. Interpersonal difficulties of someone other than R (or spouse) and persons codable in 511-513
DISRUPTION OR TERMINATION OF RELATIONSHIP (NOTE. Disruptions or terminations due to death or illness are coded under VI and VII) 520. Physical separation from spouse. When my husband and I were apart; when I (he) was away in the service; away from wife; if separation due to marital discord, code 523; if NA whether 520 or 523, code 523) 521. Physical separation from child(ren). Child(ren) were living in foster home, R divorced, separated from wife and children; when children grew up, married, left home (if separation due to discord or troubles with child(ren), code 525; if NA whether 521 or 525, code 521) 522. Physical separation from someone close to R, other than spouse or children; when my mother and I were separated, when my fiancé(e) and I were apart, etc. 523. Marital separation. Separation from spouse due to marital discord; legal separation for any reason; husband left me; got a separation 524. Divorce. When I was divorced (if NA whether 523 or 524, code 523) 525. Separation from child(ren) due to troubles or discord; child(ren) ran away, left home after disagreement, argument, etc. 526. Breakup with friend(s) of opposite sex. Broken engagement, breakup of someone dated (steadily); girlfriend left me 527. Breakup with friend(s) of same sex as R or NA sex 529. Disruption or termination of relationship not included above 531. Disruption or termination of love relationship of R's child(ren), step-child(ren), child(ren)-in-law 532. Disruption or termination of love relationship of R's Parents (s), step-parent(s), parent(s)-in-law 533. Disruption or termination of love relationship of R's sibling(s), step-sibling(s), sibling(s)-in-law 539. Disruption or termination of love relationship of someone other than R (or spouse) and persons codable in 531-533
GAIN OF HOUSEHOLD OR FAMILY MEMBER(S) 540. Birth of (unwanted) child(ren); took on responsibility for raising (additional) child 541. Parent(s) or parent(s)-in-law moved in with R 542. Other relative(s) or family member(s) moved in with R 549. Other gain of household or family member 559. Gain of household member by someone other than R (or spouse) 599. Other interpersonal matters
VI DEATH OF SOME ONE CLOSE 600. Death of someone close -- NA who. E.g. a death (see also 15) 610. Death of family member -- NA which one 611. Widowed. Death of spouse 612. Death of child(ren), stepchild(ren) 613. Death of unborn child. Stillbirth, miscarriage (abortion is coded in Section VII, with category depending on specific circumstances) 614. Death of Parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law 615. Death of Grandparent(s) 616. Death of Sibling(s) step-sibling(s) 619. Death of Other specific relative(s) or family member(s), including combinations of 611-616 620. Death of close friend or neighbor 630. Death of pet 649. Other death of someone close to R (or R's spouse) 659. Death of someone close affecting person other than R (or spouse)
VII PHYSICAL HEALTH OR INJURY 700. Poor Health or sickness of R -- not further specified or NA whether 701, 702, or 703 701. Serious Physical illness of R. major operation, tuberculosis, cancer, heart disease (attack), kidney disease, etc.; any hospitalization for physical illness 702. Chronic condition or disability of R (if clearly from accident or injury, code 703). High blood pressure, arthritis, asthma, diabetes, etc. 703. frequent Minor illness of R. influenza, physical aches, headaches, bad back, hemorrhoids, minor operation, etc. 704. Serious accident or injury to R. auto accident, fall, burn, back injury, broken neck, etc. 705. Accident or injury to R -- not further specified or NA whether 704 709. Other health-related problems of R 710. Physical illness of R's spouse 711. Accident or injury of R's spouse 719. Other health-related problems of R's spouse 720. Physical illness of R's child(ren), stepchild(ren) 721. Accident or injury of R's child(ren), stepchild(ren) 729. Other health-related problems of R's child(ren), stepchild(ren) 730. Physical illness of R's Parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law 731. Accident or injury of R's Parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law 739. Other health-related problems of R's Parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law 749. Health-related problems of someone other than R or persons codable in
VIII MENTAL HEALTH OR ADJUSTMENT 800. Personal or adjustment problems -- general. Not further specified 801. Tired all the time. Can't seem to do things; hard for me to keep up with things 802. Neurotic problem; fears, phobias; nervousness, worried anxiety 803. Mood Disturbances. Unhappiness, depression, hopelessness, boredom, ennui 804. Self-doubt, confusion regarding self-identity, insecurity 805. Indecision, aimlessness, loss of direction 806. Substance abuse problems. Alcohol, drugs, etc 807. Onset or recurrence of mental illness. Was in an institution; mental disturbance, psychotic episode, nervous breakdown 809. Other specific psychological disturbances 810. Mental illness or adjustment problems of R's spouse 811. Mental illness or adjustment problems of R's child(ren), stepchild(ren), child(ren)-in-law 812. Mental illness or adjustment problems of R's Parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law 813. Mental illness or adjustment problems of R's Sibling(s) step-sibling(s), sibling(s)-in-law 819. Psychological disturbances or adjustment problems of someone other than R and persons codable in 810-813 997. Other 998. DK, Can't remember 999. NA BK INAP. No anticipated nervous breakdown, no second mention.
BRKDTIME, MNILTIME
1. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown are presently salient for him 2. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown were only in the past and do not presently affect R (not clear how far in past) 3. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown were more than 5 years in the past and do not presently affect R 4. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown were less than in the past and do not presently affect R (codes 3 and 4 were NOT used in 1957 & 1976 and could be collapsed into code 2) 9. NA whether conditions causing nervous breakdown are of past or present concern. BK R says no breakdown
BRKDDUR, MNILDUR
Long-term 1. Long-term reaction (severe) -- extensive period mentioned in which R elaborates on a severe nervous feeling state. For months, I cried almost all the time 2. Long-term reaction (no very severe) -- extensive period mentioned in which R elaborates a minor nervous feeling state. In have felt blue every so often during the past ten years. 3. Long-term reaction (severity NA) -- extensive period mentioned in which R does not give enough elaborations to allow coder to code 1 or 2.. I've been overworking for years.
Short-term 4. Short-term reaction (severe) -- a short period mentioned in which R elaborates on a severe nervous feeling state. I was in a state of shock the week after my parents died. 5. Short-term reaction (not very severe) -- A short period mentioned in which R elaborates a minor nervous feeling state. When we had tornado warnings, I was a little concerned 6. Short-term reaction (severity NA). -- a short period mentioned in which R does not give enough elaboration to allow coder to code 4 or 5. when my mother died, I was upset.
NA Duration 7. Severe reaction, NA how long. 8. Not very severe reaction, NA how long. 9. NA severity and Length BK R said no breakdown.
MNTLAS1-2, BRKDAS1-2
1. Psychoses, generally (not distinguished as 2 or 3) 2. Violent psychoses 3. Nonviolent psychoses 4. Neurasthenic neuroses 5. Neuroses (other than 4), emotional disturbances 6. Nervous breakdowns 7. Nerves, nervousness (when not clearly 5 or 6) 8. Mental deficiency 9. Psychopathic personalities 10. Some code of 1-13 is used but part of answer is unclassifiable 11. Other non-psychotic disorders 12. Non-psychotic mental illness, generally 13. Mental illness, generally (not distinguished as psychotic or non-psychotic) 14. Says doesn't know at some point, but answers any way 15. Respondents only answer to entire question is don't know, or the question is entirely unanswered in all dimensions 16. Includes a variety of diagnostic categories
17-22 For BRKDAS1-2 ONLY 17. It is (may be) a forerunner, beginning of mental illness, other than 2 18. It is (may be) a forerunner, beginning of psychosis, insanity 19. It is simply a euphemism for mental illness 20. It refers to temporary mental illness 21. It refers to the acute stage of mental illness
22. It is a vague, ill-defined, unscientific category (including don't know because of impression of term) 99. No answer or no mention of included diagnoses
MNTLIMP1-3, BRKDIMP1-3
101. Psychoses not distinguished as 2 or 3. 102. Violent psychoses. 103. Non-violent psychoses. 104. Neurasthenic neuroses (i.e., the most popular conception of nervous breakdown). 105. Neuroses other than 4. 106. Acute (momentary nerve storms, tensions, or persistent nervousness 107. Psychotropic personalities; social deviants; exaggerated eccentrics. 108. Simple mental deficiency. 109. Non-psychotic, but otherwise unclassifiable. 110. Can't tell whether psychotic or non-psychotic. 111. Other non-psychotic disorders 112. Some code of 100-110 is used, but part of answer is unclassifiable. 999. Non enough data to make this judgment
201. Extreme, excessive. 202. Unstable, changeable, capricious. 203. Unpredictable, impulsive, erratic. 204. Unreliable, undependable. 205. Uncontrolled, lacking self-control. 206. "Childish., "immature" (i.e., probably means 48/7 or 48/8, but doesn't say so). 207. Irrational, inexplicable, illogical, unreasonable. 208. "Incompetent", lacking responsibility for actions ("legal approach"). 210. SOCIALLY deviant behavior, general (DOUBLE CODE WHEN SO STATED). 211. PERSONALLY deviant behavior, general (DOUBLE CODE WHEN SO STATED). 212. Disordered, abnormal, unspecified. 299. No use of general characteristics.
VIOLENCE 301. (Violent) sex crimes (SEE ALSO CODE 51/9). 302. Homicidal tendencies, impulses. 303. Violence against other people, other than 1, 2. 304. Suicidal tendencies, impulses. 305. Destructiveness, violence against property. 306. Violence, general and unspecified.
EXTREME EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS 307. Noisy, loud, boisterous. 308. Temper tantrums, raging, screaming. 309. (Senseless, excessive) laughter. 310. (Senseless, excessive) weeping. 311. Hysterics, general and not classifiable as 8, 9, or 0. 399. No mention of symptoms of these types.
APPEARANCE, SPEECH, MANNERISMS 401. Peculiar facial expression. 402. Peculiarities in posture, walk. 403. Neglect of personal appearance. 404. Other signs in external appearance.
SPEECH MANNERISMS 405. Talking to self. 406. Mutism, refusal to talk. 407. Too little talking, taciturnity. 408. Excessive talking, verbosity. 409. Retarded speech. 410. Rapid speech. 411. Inappropriate, incoherent talk. Wild talk 412. Other speech disturbances. 499. No mention of symptoms of these types.
OTHER BEHAVIORS AND PHYSICALS MANNERISM MANIFESTATIONS 501. Tense, jumpy, restless, unable to relax. 502. Tremors, trembling, shaking, twitching. 503. Stuporous; trance-like states. 504. Fainting. 505. Wandering, running away; 506. Infantile behavior, regression (ONLY WHEN CLEAR-CUT; SEE ALSO CODE 8/6). 507. Specific examples of bizarre (completely uninterpretable)behavior. 508. Criminality, delinquency. 509. Sexual deviations. 510. Drug Addiction. 1996 note. Drug abuse 511. (Excessive) drinking; alcoholism. 512. Specific examples of culturally-exceptional behavior, other than 8-X. 599. No mention of symptoms of these types.
IMPAIRMENTS OF HEALTH, PHYSICAL WELL-BEING 601. Loss of appetite, weight. 602. Insomnia. 603. Headaches. 604. Dizziness, nausea. 605. Digestive disturbances, other than 4. 606. Circulatory (cardio-vascular) disturbances and manifestations. 607. Respiratory disturbances. 608. Other specific psychosomatic reactions.
GENERAL 609. (Physical) (chronic) fatigue, exhaustion. 610. (Physical malaise; physical weakness, collapse (SEE ALSO CODES 54/X, 54/Y). 611. (Physical) malfunctioning of nervous system, vague (DOUBLE-CODE WHEN SO STATED). 612. (Psychosomatic) manifestations in physical illness, general and unspecified. 699. No mention of symptoms of this type.
DISTORTIONS OF REALITY 701. Hallucinations. 702. Delusions, other than persecution. 703. Delusions of persecution (ONLY WHEN CLEAR-CUT. OTHERWISE CODE 53/4). 704. Distrust, suspicion; paranoid, persecutory trends; ideas of reference (SEE ALSO CODES 52/0, 54/3, 54/4, 54/6). 705. Hypochondriacal tendencies, preoccupation with own health. 706. Disordered imagination, vague and unspecified. 707. Clouding of reality. 708. (Excessive) fantasizing; withdrawal from, break with reality (WHEN EXTREME, SEE CODES 53/9, 55/8, 56/3). 709. Inability to accept, face, adjust to reality, life ("Escapism", Maladjustment") 710. Lack of perspective; impaired judgement (SEE ALSO CODE 55/4). 711. (Conscious) falsification, lying, misrepresentation (SEE ALSO CODE 55/0). 712. Reality distortions, general and unspecified. 799. N o mention of symptoms of this type
DISORDERED SELF-CONCEPT 801. Egocentric, selfish, (excessively) demanding. 802. Self-important, boastful, self-assertive. 803. Self-righteous; self-justifying, obstinate, stubborn, ("projecting blame"). 804. Critical, dissatisfied, complaining. 805. Self-accusatory, self-blaming, self-punishing, "masochistic". 806. Self-pitying, martyred; feelings of rejection. 807. Insecure, lack of self-confidence. 808. Submissive, dependent, indecisive. 809. Self-centered talk. 810. Lack of self-insight. 811. Functional impairment (SEE ALSO 52/0, 54/Y) 812. (Complete) inability to function, when not clearly 52/0. 899. No manifestations of this type mentioned.
MOOD DISTURBANCES 901. Outgoing, extroverted, elated. 902. Worried, fearful, anxious. (SEE ALSO CODES 53/4, 53/5 54/7) 903. Nightmares, disturbing dreams. 904. Irritable, excitable, sensitive, easily upset (SEE ALSO 55/5). 905. Hostile, aggressive, difficult to get along with. (SEE ALSO 49/8, 55/4). 906. Unhappy, depressed. 907. Defeated, beaten; surrendering, giving up; (feeling of inadequacy, self-doubt). 908. Withdrawn (SEE ALSO 55/0, 55/X). 909. Socially ill at ease. 910. Secretive, self-concealing ("undoing", "compensatory"). 911. Apathy, indifference, lack of initiative ("disenchantment with life"). 912. emotionally inhibited, repressed, inaccessible. 999. No symptoms mentioned.
DISORDERED THOUGHT, INTELLECT, COGNITION 921. Loss of memory; major disorders of memory (including disorientation) (WHEN CLEAR-CUT; SEE ALSO CODE 56/3). 922. Intellectual retardation, lack of comprehension (SEE ALSO CODE 56/3). 923. Distracted, absent-minded; forgetful, unable to concentrate. 924. Brooding, preoccupied. 925. Obsessive, compulsive ("fanatic").
MNTLOTH, BRKDOTH
1001. Mentions having been "insane, " psychotic personally. 1002. Mentions own mental illness in 656C, but can't classify into 1001,1003,1004 1003. Mentions being (having been) neurotic personally 1004. Mentions having had a nervous breakdown personally (including all such references in Q6) 1005. Mentions own emotional disturbance short of mental illness (DO NOT CODE IF 1001-1004 can be coded). Sometimes I fell I may be mentally ill myself; I get so mad I'm afraid I'm going crazy; I almost had a nervous breakdown myself; etc.
REFERENCE TO FAMILY, FRIENDS 1006. Mentions family members, friends having been "insane", psychotic. My sister is just coming out after two years (ie, any reference to institutionalization for mental illness is classified here); a friend of mine is in the state hospital, etc. 1007. Mentions family members, friends being (having been) mentally ill in 656C, but can't classify into 1006,1008,1010. 1008. Mentions family members, friends being (having been) neurotic. 1010. Mentions family members, friends having nervous breakdowns (including any references in Q6.) 1011. Mentions emotional disturbances of family members, friends short of mental illness.
DENIAL OF CONTACT, FAMILIARITY 1101. Denies personal contact with the "insane", psychotic. I've never seen anyone who was insane, so I don't know; I've never known anyone like that (in context of psychotic symptoms); etc. 1102. Denies personal contact with mentally ill in 656C, but can't classify in to 1101, 1103, 1104. I ain't seen anyone who was mentally ill; I've never been around a mentally ill person to any great extent; I've never seen on (in unclassifiable symptom context); etc 1103. Denies personal contact with the neurotic. I've never run into anyone who was really psychoneurotic; I've never know anyone like that (in the context of neurotic symptoms); etc. 1104. Denies personal contact with nervous breakdowns (including any such denial in Q6). I never say anyone with a nervous breakdown; etc. 1105. Denies personal contact with MI, not classifiable above.
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE CODES 1106. Denies general familiarity with insanity psychosis (DO NOT CODE IF 1 IS CODED). I don't know much about the subject of insanity; etc. 1107. Denies general familiarity with mental illness in 656C, but can't classify into 7,9,X (1106,1108,1109) 1108. Denies general familiarity with neurosis (DO NOT CODE IF 3 IS CODED) 1109. Denies general familiarity with nervous breakdowns, (including any such denial in 656A) 1110. Denies general familiarity with MI, not classifiable above
MISCELLANEOUS VIEWPOINTS 1201. References to sympathy, pity for the mentally-ill. I'm heart-sick for them; I feel awfully sorry for them; the first thing I would think of is my sorrow for them; it's a pathetic affliction; etc. 1202. References to stigmatizing, avoiding the mentally ill. I'd feel sorry for one, but I'd rather not be around someone like that (code 1 also); etc. 1203. Reference to fear, shock, horror, distress over mental illness; it's worse than other illnesses; it's worse than physical illness; I hope it never happens to me; etc. 1204. Denial of stigmatizing mental illness. Its just another type of sickness with no special stigma attached to it. I am more broad-minded than most and don't look at it as a terrible thing; etc. 1205. References to concern for; seriousness, importance of problem of mental illness; I was going to mention this as most serious disease for I fell psychoneurosis is more serious, more of an ignored thing than anything else; its very serious, of course, and there should be as much done as possible to prevent it as well as to help it; I'm awfully interested in the subject to see what can be done for people like this; etc. 1206. References to relativeness of mental health (other than definitions in terms of deviant behavior or references to mental illness being of different degrees). Who, after all, is completely sane? Everyone has some sort of neurotic tendencies; a perfectly normal person is very rare; we all have quirks and there is no definite line between those mentally ill and not;, etc 1207. References to (relative) undetectability of mental illness. This illness is almost unnoticeable; its hard to tell that they are mentally sick; there are cases where you are hardly able to detect that he was mentally ill, most cases you can't tell that a person is insane, apart from the criminally insane; until you get to know a person closely any kind of mental illness is hard to detect except by a medical man trained in that line; you have to know them pretty well to know their ways; you'd never suspect it until they crack up unless you have studied in this field to make you recognize such a person; this illness is almost unnoticeable; etc. 1208. References to relative incurability of mental illness; it gives me a shock when I hear the term because I found out it is more or less incurable (code 3 also); I don't think they have a cure for mentally sick people; mental illness is harder to treat than anything else' it means a long slow process for recovery; usually it means that there is very little hope of recovery; etc. 1209. References to mental illness, generally, involving an organic base; it's an illness of the brain; the part of their brain that helps them plan ahead has been injured or damaged; mental illness is a sickness, a disease, not something that happens from over-exertion like a nervous breakdown; etc. 1210. References to mental illness, generally, excluding illnesses with an organic basis; a whole range of symptomatic behavior where there is no identifiable organic cause are included in the term; etc. 1211. Use of colloquial terms--"crazy, bonkers, nuts, looney" 1212. Indicates knowledge that it is not socially desirable to stigmatize mentally ill (I shouldn't feel this way, but...; thank goodness people are not more accepting of mental illness) 1213. References to other people, or most people, stigmatizing mentally ill 1214. They need help, they should be helped, etc
Note 8: Vignettes Read to Respondent for 1996 Topical Module: Mental Health
(Alcohol dependence) [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman] with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. During the last month [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has started to drink more than his/her usual amount of alcohol. In fact, he/she has noticed that he/she needs to drink twice as much as he/she used to get the same effect. Several times, he/she has tried to cut down, or stop drinking, but he/she can't. Each time he/she has tried to cut down, he/she became very agitated, sweaty and he/she couldn't sleep, so he/she took another drink. His/Her family has complained that he/she is often hungover, and has become unreliable -- making plans one day, and canceling them the next.
(Major depression) [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman] with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. For the past two weeks [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has been feeling really down. He/She wakes up in the morning with a flat heavy feeling that sticks with him/her all day long. He/She isn't enjoying things the way he/she normally would. In fact nothing gives him/her pleasure. Even when good things happen, they don't seem to make [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] happy. He/She pushes on through his/her days, but it is really hard. The smallest tasks are difficult to accomplish. He/She finds it hard to concentrate on anything. He/She feels out of energy and out of steam. And even though [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] feels tired, when night comes he/she can't go to sleep. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] feels pretty worthless, and very discouraged. [John's/Juan's/Mary's/Maria's] family has noticed that he/she hasn't been himself/herself for about the last month and that he/she has pulled away from them. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] just doesn't feel like talking.
(Schizophrenia) [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman] with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. Up until a year ago, life was pretty okay for [John/Juan/Mary/Maria]. But then, things started to change. He/She thought that people around him/her were making disapproving comments, and talking behind his/her back. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] was convinced that people were spying on him/her and that they could hear what he/she was thinking. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] lost his/her drive to participate in his/her usual work and family activities and retreated to his/her home, eventually spending most of his/her day in his/her room. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] was hearing voices even though no one else was around. These voices told him/her what do and what to think. He/She has been living this way for six months.
(Drug problem) [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman] with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. A year ago [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] sniffed cocaine for the first time with friends at a party. During the last few months he/she has been snorting it in binges that last several days at a time. He/She has lost weight and often experiences chills when binging. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has spent his/her savings to buy cocaine. When [John's/Juan's/Mary's/Maria's] friends try to talk about the changes they see, he/she becomes angry and storms out. Friends and family have also noticed missing possessions and suspect [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has stolen them. He/She has tried to stop snorting cocaine, but can't. Each time he/she tries to stop he/she feels very tired, depressed and unable to sleep. He/She lost his/her job a month ago, after not showing up for work.
(No problem) [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman] with an [eighth grade/high school/college education]. Up until a year ago, life was pretty okay for [John/Juan/Mary/Maria]. While nothing much was going wrong in [John's/Juan's/Mary's/Maria's] life he/she sometimes feels worried, a little sad, or has trouble sleeping at night. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] feels that at times things bother him/her more than they bother other people and that when things go wrong, he/she sometimes gets nervous or annoyed. Otherwise [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is getting along pretty well. He/She enjoys being with other people and although [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] sometimes argues with his/her family, [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has been getting along pretty well with his/her family.
