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Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset, 1988-2010 - Codebook

All frequencies are raw numbers (no weights used).

1) Source of the survey data (MSURVEY)
 TOTAL%
1) Arab Barometer: First Wave1173521.4
2) NSF703912.8
3) World Values Survey3196058.2
4) Egypt and Kuwait 19885921.1
5) Palestine 199523684.3
6) Palestine 199912002.2
Total54894100.0
2) Name of dataset (MDATASET)
 TOTAL%
1) Merged Arab Barometer data set (allarab)733813.4
2) Arab Barometer, Palestine (pa08arab)34306.2
3) NSF, Algeria (al04nsf)14462.6
4) NSF, Jordan (jo03nsf)10001.8
5) NSF, Morocco (mo05nsf)10832.0
6) NSF, Kuwait (ku05nsf)7501.4
7) NSF, Palestine (pa03nsf)13202.4
8) NSF, Yemen (ye06nsf)14402.6
9) World Values Survey (allwvs)1873534.1
10) World Value Survey, Iraq (irq06wvs)27014.9
11) World Values Survey, Second Wave (wvs2)679712.4
12) World Values Survey, Second Wave, Iran (wvs2iran)26674.9
13) Arab Barometer, Jordan (jo08arab)9671.8
14) Egypt and Kuwait 1988 (eg&ku1988)5921.1
15) Palestine 1995 (pa1995)23684.3
16) Palestine 1999 (pa1999)12002.2
17) World Values Survey, Third Wave, Qatar (qat2010)10601.9
Total54894100.0
3) Year (MYEAR)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548942,003.793.82
4) Country/year code (MCNYEAR)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489465,591.0740,087.47
5) To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements? In a democracy, the economy runs badly. (M1A)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree25767.2
2) Agree640618.0
3) Disagree1521942.7
4) Strongly disagree1142532.1
Missing19268
Total35626100.0
6) Democracies are indecisive and have too much quibbling. (M1B)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree308811.6
2) Agree932835.0
3) Disagree1050439.4
4) Strongly disagree376914.1
Missing28205
Total26689100.0
7) Democracies are not good at maintaining order. (M1C)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree22748.5
2) Agree624923.3
3) Disagree1300648.6
4) Strongly disagree525319.6
Missing28112
Total26782100.0
8) Democracy may have its problems but is better than any other form of government. (M1D)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree1382440.9
2) Agree1562246.2
3) Disagree30939.2
4) Strongly disagree12583.7
Missing21097
Total33797100.0
9) Democracy emphasizes differences and weakens national unity. (M1E)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree654.5
2) Agree26518.5
3) Disagree83458.3
4) Strongly disagree26618.6
Missing53464
Total1430100.0
10) Democracy is incompatible with shari`a law. (M1F)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree451.9
2) Agree45618.8
3) Disagree150661.9
4) Strongly disagree42417.4
Missing52463
Total2431100.0
11) In democracies, religious authorities interpret the law (M1G)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree489648.0
2) Agree269926.5
3) Disagree148314.5
4) Strongly disagree111911.0
Missing44697
Total10197100.0
12) Democracies tax the rich and subsidize the poor. (M1H)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree329733.3
2) Agree274927.8
3) Disagree213721.6
4) Strongly disagree170817.3
Missing45003
Total9891100.0
13) In democracies people choose their leaders in free elections. (M1I)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree671266.1
2) Agree222521.9
3) Disagree7137.0
4) Strongly disagree5045.0
Missing44740
Total10154100.0
14) In democracies people receive state aid for unemployment. (M1J)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree485747.5
2) Agree279827.4
3) Disagree147714.5
4) Strongly disagree108310.6
Missing44679
Total10215100.0
15) Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted? (M2)
 TOTAL%
1) Most people can be trusted1251026.6
2) Some people can be trusted and some people cannot be trusted540811.5
3) Most people cannot be trusted2903061.8
98) Can't choose/Don't know180.0
Missing7928
Total46966100.0
16) How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household? (M3)
 TOTAL%
1) Very dissatisfied781216.0
2) Dissatisfied1029521.1
3) Neither dissatisfied nor satisfied1107622.6
4) Satisfied1368628.0
5) Very satisfied603212.3
Missing5993
Total48901100.0
17) In your opinion, how important is each of the following principles as a guide for making the laws of our country? Government and parliament should make laws according to the wishes of the people. (M4A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important1125839.6
2) Important936832.9
3) Somewhat important19056.7
4) Not important437915.4
5) Not important at all15555.5
Missing26429
Total28465100.0
18) In your opinion, how important is each of the following principles as a guide for making the laws of our country? Government should implement only the laws of the shari`a. (M4B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important963332.3
2) Important943431.6
3) Somewhat important27419.2
4) Not important573919.2
5) Not important at all22757.6
Missing25072
Total29822100.0
19) In your opinion, how important is each of the following principles as a guide for making the laws of our country? Government and parliament should make laws according to the wishes of the people in some areas and implement shari`a law in others. (M4C)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important541832.2
2) Important655538.9
3) Somewhat important7194.3
4) Not important296617.6
5) Not important at all11847.0
Missing38052
Total16842100.0
20) How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Men of religion should not influence how people vote in elections. (M5A)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree988030.2
2) Agree1176536.0
3) Neither agree nor disagree25717.9
4) Disagree617118.9
5) Strongly disagree23117.1
Missing22196
Total32698100.0
21) Men of religion should have no influence over the decisions of government. (M5B)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree477516.3
2) Agree884930.2
3) Neither agree nor disagree25588.7
4) Disagree976833.4
5) Strongly disagree324811.1
98) Can't choose/Don't know840.3
Missing25612
Total29282100.0
22) Religious practice is a private matter and should be separated from socio-political life. (M5C)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree454021.2
2) Agree632329.5
3) Neither agree nor disagree4912.3
4) Disagree592927.7
5) Strongly disagree392818.3
98) Can't choose/Don't know2301.1
Missing33453
Total21441100.0
23) It would be better for [country] if more people with strong religious beliefs held public office. (M5D)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree826625.1
2) Agree1053132.0
3) Neither agree nor disagree30579.3
4) Disagree762123.1
5) Strongly disagree347210.5
Missing21947
Total32947100.0
24) Politicians who do not believe in God are unfit for public office. (M5E)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree1562254.4
2) Agree618821.5
3) Neither agree nor disagree16685.8
4) Disagree307510.7
5) Strongly disagree21767.6
Missing26165
Total28729100.0
25) Religious leaders should not interfere in politics. (M5F)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree64718.6
2) Agree86524.8
4) Disagree112032.1
5) Strongly disagree85224.5
Missing51410
Total3484100.0
26) Clergy should have an important social and political role in society. (M5G)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree43078.8
3) Neither agree nor disagree61.1
5) Strongly disagree11020.1
Missing54348
Total546100.0
27) I'm going to describe various types of political systems that exist in the Middle East and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Parliamentary system in which nationalist, left-wing, and Islamic political parties all compete in elections. (M6A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very suitable238015.6
2) Suitable505733.2
3) Somewhat suitable330521.7
4) Not suitable at all450229.5
Missing39650
Total15244100.0
28) I'm going to describe various types of political systems that exist in the Middle East and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? A parliamentary system in which only Islamic political parties and factions compete in elections. (M6B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very suitable6264.3
2) Suitable263018.1
3) Somewhat suitable393027.0
4) Not suitable at all738150.7
Missing40327
Total14567100.0
29) I'm going to describe various types of political systems that exist in the Middle East and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? A system with a strong president and military in which elections and competition among political parties are not important. (M6C)
 TOTAL%
1) Very suitable6174.2
2) Suitable197413.3
3) Somewhat suitable324922.0
4) Not suitable at all894860.5
Missing40106
Total14788100.0
30) I'm going to describe various types of political systems that exist in the Middle East and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? A system governed by Islamic law in which there are no political parties or elections (M6D)
 TOTAL%
1) Very suitable318719.2
2) Suitable352621.2
3) Somewhat suitable305218.4
4) Not suitable at all685041.2
Missing38279
Total16615100.0
31) I'm going to describe various types of political systems that exist in the Middle East and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Democratic state with periodic elections. (M6E)
 TOTAL%
1) Very suitable166072.2
2) Suitable27211.8
3) Somewhat suitable1365.9
4) Not suitable at all23010.0
Missing52596
Total2298100.0
32) I'm going to describe various types of political systems that exist in the Middle East and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Islamic Caliph state. (M6F)
 TOTAL%
1) Very suitable135948.9
2) Suitable1726.2
3) Somewhat suitable2729.8
4) Not suitable at all97635.1
Missing52115
Total2779100.0
33) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Family relations (M7A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important300618.4
2) Important242414.8
3) Somewhat important9205.6
4) Not important413725.3
5) Not important at all584235.8
98) Can't choose/Don't know80.0
Missing38557
Total16337100.0
34) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Party or faction affiliation (M7B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important335921.6
2) Important394325.3
3) Somewhat important11417.3
4) Not important321320.6
5) Not important at all387124.9
98) Can't choose/Don't know440.3
Missing39323
Total15571100.0
35) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Level of education (M7C)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important1023762.6
2) Important424225.9
3) Somewhat important3952.4
4) Not important7874.8
5) Not important at all6864.2
98) Can't choose/Don't know20.0
Missing38545
Total16349100.0
36) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Religiosity (M7D)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important781647.9
2) Important458028.1
3) Somewhat important9505.8
4) Not important13128.0
5) Not important at all164910.1
Missing38587
Total16307100.0
37) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Agrees with you on important issues (M7E)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important575445.3
2) Important410932.3
3) Somewhat important7515.9
4) Not important12459.8
5) Not important at all8456.7
Missing42190
Total12704100.0
38) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Considers the opinions of others (M7F)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important123321.0
2) Important196333.4
3) Somewhat important89515.2
4) Not important130122.2
5) Not important at all4778.1
Missing49025
Total5869100.0
39) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Program of the candidates (M7G)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important178238.7
2) Important172037.4
3) Somewhat important3728.1
4) Not important3417.4
5) Not important at all3497.6
98) Can't choose/Don't know400.9
Missing50290
Total4604100.0
40) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Services the candidate provides (M7H)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important37851.6
2) Important22931.2
4) Not important729.8
5) Not important at all547.4
Missing54161
Total733100.0
41) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Candidate has a good reputation (M7I)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important56256.3
2) Important31131.1
3) Somewhat important474.7
4) Not important444.4
5) Not important at all353.5
Missing53895
Total999100.0
42) What factors would you consider when voting for candidates in an election for political office? Tribal relations (M7J)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important1137.9
2) Important24917.3
3) Somewhat important24617.1
4) Not important49034.1
5) Not important at all34023.6
Missing53456
Total1438100.0
43) Sex of respondent (M8)
 TOTAL%
1) Male2712249.5
2) Female2770550.5
Missing67
Total54827100.0
44) Today as in the past, Muslim scholars and jurists sometimes disagree about the proper interpretation of Islam in response to present-day issues. For each of the statements listed below, please indicate whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly with the interpretation of Islam that is presented. Democracy is a Western form of government that is not compatible with Islam. (M9A)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree14279.0
2) Agree306119.2
3) Neither agree nor disagree10626.7
4) Disagree755847.5
5) Strongly disagree279817.6
Missing38988
Total15906100.0
45) Islam requires that in a Muslim country the political rights of non-Muslims should be inferior to those of Muslims. (M9B)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree221210.0
2) Agree420419.0
3) Neither agree nor disagree16527.5
4) Disagree959243.4
5) Strongly disagree444020.1
Missing32794
Total22100100.0
46) Banks in Muslim countries must be forbidden from charging even modest interest on loans because this is forbidden by Islam. (M9C)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree570742.3
2) Agree444432.9
3) Neither agree nor disagree4663.5
4) Disagree208815.5
5) Strongly disagree7915.9
Missing41398
Total13496100.0
47) It is a violation in Islam for male and female university students to attend classes together. (M9D)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree352417.6
2) Agree492924.6
3) Neither agree nor disagree10595.3
4) Disagree671633.5
5) Strongly disagree384619.2
Missing34820
Total20074100.0
48) If a Muslim converts to another religion, he must be punished by execution. (M9E)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree189330.2
2) Agree133121.2
4) Disagree166726.6
5) Strongly disagree138222.0
Missing48621
Total6273100.0
49) In Islam a woman should dress modestly, but Islam does not require that she wear a hijab. (M9F)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree539122.3
2) Agree737030.4
3) Neither agree nor disagree4932.0
4) Disagree508121.0
5) Strongly disagree587124.3
Missing30688
Total24206100.0
50) Nationalism like Arabic, Turkish and Kurdish is incompatible with Islam because Islam requires that Muslims be united in a single political community (the ummah) rather than be citizens of different states and loyal to different governments. (M9G)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree194727.2
2) Agree221931.0
3) Neither agree nor disagree86212.1
4) Disagree153921.5
5) Strongly disagree5818.1
Missing47746
Total7148100.0
51) Some secular countries forbid the veil for Muslim women in schools and offices. (M9H)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree171.3
2) Agree352.7
3) Neither agree nor disagree977.5
4) Disagree34126.2
5) Strongly disagree81262.4
Missing53592
Total1302100.0
52) A country that is truly Islamic should not have a parliament with the right to pass laws (or do anything more than advise the rulers). (M9I)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree143315.3
2) Agree231724.7
3) Neither agree nor disagree6156.6
4) Disagree338536.1
5) Strongly disagree161417.2
Missing45530
Total9364100.0
53) By requiring men to treat all wives equally, Islam's true intent is to prohibit taking more than one wife. (M9J)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree23419.7
2) Agree27323.0
3) Neither agree nor disagree14011.8
4) Disagree32026.9
5) Strongly disagree22118.6
Missing53706
Total1188100.0
54) Monarchy is a form of government that is compatible with Islam. (M9K)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree14715.2
2) Agree25626.5
3) Neither agree nor disagree18018.6
4) Disagree22823.6
5) Strongly disagree15616.1
Missing53927
Total967100.0
55) If a Palestinian state established peace with Israel, Islam would not oppose existence of Israel. (M9L)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree13413.0
2) Agree31430.4
3) Neither agree nor disagree12512.1
4) Disagree19719.1
5) Strongly disagree26325.5
Missing53861
Total1033100.0
56) If a country pursues policies harmful to Muslims, Islam permits killing civilians in that country. (M9M)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree252.2
2) Agree413.5
3) Neither agree nor disagree453.9
4) Disagree27123.4
5) Strongly disagree77767.0
Missing53735
Total1159100.0
57) Islam requires a country with a majority of Muslims be governed by men of Islamic learning. (M9N)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree46742.3
2) Agree43139.1
3) Neither agree nor disagree999.0
4) Disagree595.3
5) Strongly disagree474.3
Missing53791
Total1103100.0
58) It is the husband's responsibility to seriously consider his wife's suggestions. (M9O)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree97939.1
2) Agree115646.2
4) Disagree27911.1
5) Strongly disagree903.6
Missing52390
Total2504100.0
59) The following questions are your personal opinions about the principles that should determine the behavior and situation of women in our society. For each of the statements listed below, please indicate whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly: A woman can be a president or prime minister in a Muslim country. (M10A)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree215320.5
2) Agree402238.3
4) Disagree274726.2
5) Strongly disagree156614.9
Missing44406
Total10488100.0
60) A married woman can work outside the home if she wishes. (M10B)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree505225.4
2) Agree1072353.9
3) Neither agree nor disagree4632.3
4) Disagree259213.0
5) Strongly disagree10465.3
98) Can't choose/Don't know100.1
Missing35008
Total19886100.0
61) On the whole, men make better political leaders than women do. (M10C)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree2108642.9
2) Agree1562831.8
3) Neither agree nor disagree4070.8
4) Disagree883518.0
5) Strongly disagree32146.5
Missing5724
Total49170100.0
62) A university education is more important for a boy than a girl. (M10D)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree739715.4
2) Agree868418.1
3) Neither agree nor disagree12172.5
4) Disagree1655534.5
5) Strongly disagree1419729.5
Missing6844
Total48050100.0
63) Men and women should have equal job opportunities and wages. (M10E)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree537325.2
2) Agree1026148.0
3) Neither agree nor disagree5342.5
4) Disagree415019.4
5) Strongly disagree10394.9
Missing33537
Total21357100.0
64) Men and women should receive equal wages and salaries. (M10F)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree420036.2
2) Agree559748.2
3) Neither agree nor disagree850.7
4) Disagree126710.9
5) Strongly disagree4624.0
Missing43283
Total11611100.0
65) A woman can travel abroad by herself if she wishes. (M10G)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree129611.7
2) Agree268224.2
4) Disagree417337.6
5) Strongly disagree295026.6
Missing43793
Total11101100.0
66) A woman should have the right to vote and to be a member of parliament. (M10H)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree186027.3
2) Agree336349.3
3) Neither agree nor disagree3745.5
4) Disagree81211.9
5) Strongly disagree4156.1
Missing48070
Total6824100.0
67) A woman should cease to work outside the home after marriage in order to devote full time to home and family. (M10I)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree200320.7
2) Agree297830.8
3) Neither agree nor disagree6977.2
4) Disagree276828.7
5) Strongly disagree120912.5
Missing45239
Total9655100.0
68) A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work. (M10J)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree618530.1
2) Agree621130.2
3) Neither agree nor disagree1840.9
4) Disagree585728.5
5) Strongly disagree211910.3
Missing34338
Total20556100.0
69) Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay. (M10K)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree999440.9
2) Agree845534.6
3) Neither agree nor disagree1780.7
4) Disagree436117.9
5) Strongly disagree14375.9
Missing30469
Total24425100.0
70) Both the husband and wife should contribute to household income. (M10L)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree584534.1
2) Agree712641.6
4) Disagree304017.7
5) Strongly disagree11206.5
Missing37763
Total17131100.0
71) Men make better business executives than women do. (M10M)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree370335.8
2) Agree380436.7
3) Neither agree nor disagree3633.5
4) Disagree182517.6
5) Strongly disagree6596.4
Missing44540
Total10354100.0
72) Muslim women should have the same rights as Muslim men to marry non-Muslims. (M10N)
 TOTAL%
2) Agree9922.4
3) Neither agree nor disagree20.5
4) Disagree34177.1
Missing54452
Total442100.0
73) It is important for girls to go to high school. (M10O)
 TOTAL%
2) Agree49886.0
4) Disagree8114.0
Missing54315
Total579100.0
74) Women have the right to get divorced upon their request. (M10P)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree43014.9
2) Agree138648.0
4) Disagree82728.6
5) Strongly disagree2468.5
Missing52005
Total2889100.0
75) A husband, sometimes, has the right to beat his wife when he feels it is necessary. (M10Q)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree1647.0
2) Agree84035.7
4) Disagree72030.6
5) Strongly disagree62626.6
Missing52544
Total2350100.0
76) There must be a law forcing all women to wear a veil. (M10R)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree35812.2
2) Agree129844.4
4) Disagree76826.3
5) Strongly disagree50017.1
Missing51970
Total2924100.0
77) The woman has the right to marry a man of her choice. (M10S)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree123252.2
2) Agree98041.6
4) Disagree1164.9
5) Strongly disagree301.3
Missing52536
Total2358100.0
78) Marital status (M11)
 TOTAL%
1) Single1638130.0
2) Married3522164.6
3) Other29465.4
Missing346
Total54548100.0
79) Country (M12)
 TOTAL%
1) Jordan553310.1
2) Palestine958817.5
3) Algeria40287.3
4) Morocco582410.6
5) Kuwait10501.9
6) Lebanon11952.2
7) Yemen21573.9
8) Iraq50269.2
9) Egypt634311.6
10) Saudi Arabia15022.7
11) Iran51999.5
12) Turkey595310.8
13) Bahrain4360.8
14) Qatar10601.9
Total54894100.0
80) Year (M13)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548942,003.893.88
81) Employment status (M14)
 TOTAL%
1) Employed2368944.7
2) Unemployed1458027.5
3) Other1471927.8
Missing1906
Total52988100.0
82) Employment sector (M15)
 TOTAL%
1) Public465234.2
2) Private824860.7
3) Other6624.9
96) Not interested210.2
Missing41311
Total13583100.0
83) How often do you read the Quran? (M16)
 TOTAL%
1) Every day or almost everyday309123.7
2) Several times a week384529.5
3) Sometimes356327.4
4) Rarely or never155812.0
5) I don't read9667.4
Missing41871
Total13023100.0
84) Which of the following is the most important to you from the following social and geographical affiliations? (M17A)
 TOTAL%
1) Family/tribe30707.5
2) Locality (city or village you currently reside in)572914.0
3) Region (Governorate you currently live in)26276.4
4) [country], in the general sense1709141.8
5) Continent10432.6
6) Middle East20.0
7) Arab world8612.1
8) Islamic world17024.2
9) The world865321.2
10) Other760.2
Missing14040
Total40854100.0
85) Which of the following is the second most important to you from the following social and geographical affiliations? (M17B)
 TOTAL%
1) Family/tribe13034.9
2) Locality (city or village you currently reside in)511619.3
3) Region (Governorate you currently live in)553320.8
4) [country], in the general sense795129.9
5) Continent291111.0
6) Middle East340.1
7) Arab world10163.8
8) Islamic world11154.2
9) The world15385.8
10) Other370.1
Missing28340
Total26554100.0
86) How proud are you to be a [country nationality]? (M18)
 TOTAL%
1) Very proud2942876.1
2) Quite proud723018.7
3) Not very proud13363.5
4) Not proud at all6841.8
Missing16216
Total38678100.0
87) Which of the following best describes you? (M19)
 TOTAL%
1) Above all I am [country nationality]711127.2
2) Above all I am a Muslim1686964.5
3) Above all I am an Arab8353.2
4) Above all I am a Christian1970.8
5) Above all I am [Kurd/Berber/Palestinian/Pharonic/Greek Armenian]5542.1
6) Other5692.2
Missing28759
Total26135100.0
88) Age (M20)
 TOTAL%
1) 18-24 years old1191523.1
2) 25-34 years old1489428.9
3) 35-44 years old1159922.5
4) 45-54 years old708713.8
5) 55-64 years old37677.3
6) 65-74 years old17333.4
7) 75+ years old5251.0
Missing3374
Total51520100.0
89) Age for Egypt and Kuwait 1988 (M20EGKU)
 TOTAL%
1) Less than 20 years old416.9
2) 20-29 years old32054.1
3) 30-39 years old17429.4
4) 40 years old and over569.5
Missing54303
Total591100.0
90) Age for Palestine 1995 (M20PA95)
 TOTAL%
1) 18-22 years old60225.4
2) 23-26 years old40016.9
3) 27-30 years old31213.2
4) 31-35 years old32013.5
5) 36-42 years old29812.6
6) 43-50 years old2229.4
7) 51+ years old2129.0
99) Decline to answer20.1
Missing52526
Total2368100.0
91) Level of education (not original codes--recoded by the ARDA) (M21)
 TOTAL%
1) Illiterate969417.8
2) Elementary and primary (includes elementary school so goes from first grade to eighth grade)1514827.9
3) Incomplete secondary750.1
4) Secondary1391725.6
5) Some post-secondary7701.4
6) BA (completion of college degree)1165721.4
7) Some post-BA1850.3
8) MA or higher29105.4
Missing538
Total54356100.0
92) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Prime Minister (M22A)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust878224.0
2) Quite a lot of trust1159231.7
3) A little trust14333.9
4) Very little trust763020.9
5) None at all714519.5
Missing18312
Total36582100.0
93) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? The courts/justice system (M22B)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust612623.6
2) Quite a lot of trust828932.0
3) A little trust16036.2
4) Very little trust498319.2
5) None at all493919.0
Missing28954
Total25940100.0
94) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Parliament (M22C)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust594517.5
2) Quite a lot of trust985429.0
3) A little trust18795.5
4) Very little trust784123.1
5) None at all843824.8
Missing20937
Total33957100.0
95) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? The police (M22D)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust1130230.1
2) Quite a lot of trust1254633.4
3) A little trust23126.2
4) Very little trust622816.6
5) None at all498413.3
98) Can't choose/Don't know1760.5
Missing17346
Total37548100.0
96) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Political parties (M22E)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust24028.0
2) Quite a lot of trust613320.4
3) A little trust21277.1
4) Very little trust863528.7
5) None at all1074935.8
Missing24848
Total30046100.0
97) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Mosques/churches (M22F)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust1849954.5
2) Quite a lot of trust982028.9
3) A little trust5921.7
4) Very little trust348810.3
5) None at all15664.6
Missing20929
Total33965100.0
98) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Labor unions (M22G)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust323012.1
2) Quite a lot of trust815730.7
3) A little trust19967.5
4) Very little trust761428.6
5) None at all529619.9
98) Can't choose/Don't know3141.2
Missing28287
Total26607100.0
99) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? TV (M22H)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust633417.6
2) Quite a lot of trust1255434.9
3) A little trust21065.9
4) Very little trust971127.0
5) None at all522514.5
Missing18964
Total35930100.0
100) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Satellite TV (M22I)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust8059.5
2) Quite a lot of trust205124.3
3) A little trust213725.3
4) Very little trust169720.1
5) None at all175820.8
Missing46446
Total8448100.0
101) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Educational institutions such as schools and universities (M22J)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust407936.7
2) Quite a lot of trust438539.5
3) A little trust119910.8
4) Very little trust8087.3
5) None at all5765.2
98) Can't choose/Don't know640.6
Missing43783
Total11111100.0
102) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Security services (M22K)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust71324.3
2) Quite a lot of trust103535.2
3) A little trust73725.1
4) Very little trust2087.1
5) None at all2468.4
Missing51955
Total2939100.0
103) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? The press (M22L)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust443114.1
2) Quite a lot of trust1037633.0
3) A little trust22557.2
4) Very little trust952230.3
5) None at all484115.4
Missing23469
Total31425100.0
104) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Military (M22M)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust1045042.0
2) Quite a lot of trust749930.2
3) A little trust1510.6
4) Very little trust463818.7
5) None at all21238.5
Missing30033
Total24861100.0
105) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Religious leaders: fouqhas (M22N)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust56450.5
2) Quite a lot of trust35131.4
4) Very little trust15013.4
5) None at all524.7
Missing53777
Total1117100.0
106) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Civil services (M22O)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust404617.1
2) Quite a lot of trust893737.7
4) Very little trust706729.8
5) None at all365115.4
Missing31193
Total23701100.0
107) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Major companies (M22P)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust251311.9
2) Quite a lot of trust653531.0
4) Very little trust735134.9
5) None at all469022.2
Missing33805
Total21089100.0
108) I'm going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. Is it a great deal of trust, quite a lot of trust, not very much trust, or none at all? Government appointed religious authorities (M22Q)
 TOTAL%
1) A great deal of trust26659.5
3) A little trust30.7
5) None at all17839.8
Missing54447
Total447100.0
109) I'm going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Having a democratic political system (public freedom, equal political and civil rights, balance of power, accountability and transparency) (M23A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very good2232557.0
2) Good1390935.5
3) Bad20175.2
4) Very bad8912.3
Missing15752
Total39142100.0
110) I'm going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Having a strong non-democratic leader that does not bother with parliament and elections (M23B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very good462711.8
2) Good748819.2
3) Bad1190130.5
4) Very bad1505738.5
Missing15821
Total39073100.0
111) I'm going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Having experts rather than government make decisions according to what is best for the country (M23C)
 TOTAL%
1) Very good1094129.5
2) Good1637544.1
3) Bad649717.5
4) Very bad33168.9
Missing17765
Total37129100.0
112) I'm going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Having a system that is a mixture of the above three under one ruler (M23D)
 TOTAL%
1) Very good91914.9
2) Good233637.8
3) Bad180029.1
4) Very bad112018.1
Missing48719
Total6175100.0
113) I'm going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing [country]. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing [country]? Having the army rule (M23E)
 TOTAL%
1) Very good394613.9
2) Good642922.7
3) Bad888931.3
4) Very bad911732.1
Missing26513
Total28381100.0
114) Indicate how satisfied you are with the performance of the current [country] government. (M24)
 TOTAL%
1) Very satisfied389411.4
2) Rather satisfied821224.0
3) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied851824.8
4) Not very satisfied739821.6
5) Not at all satisfied608517.8
96) Not important60.0
98) Can't choose/Don't know1680.5
Missing20613
Total34281100.0
115) Generally speaking, how interested would you say you are in politics? (M25)
 TOTAL%
1) Very interested679814.0
2) Somewhat interested1610133.2
3) Not very interested1279026.4
4) Not at all interested1277726.4
Missing6428
Total48466100.0
116) Do you agree/disagree with the following statement? Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me can't really understand what is going on. (M26)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree456322.6
2) Agree813540.3
3) Neither agree nor disagree206310.2
4) Disagree403920.0
5) Strongly disagree14057.0
Missing34689
Total20205100.0
117) Do you agree/disagree with the following statement? Our political leaders care about ordinary citizens. (M27A)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree16668.1
2) Agree513725.1
3) Disagree686433.5
4) Strongly disagree659332.2
5) Neither agree nor disagree (coded as 2.5 in the original and recoded by ARDA)1450.7
98) Can't choose/Don't know820.4
Missing34407
Total20487100.0
118) Do you agree/disagree with the following statement? Public officials pursue their own interests. (M27B)
 TOTAL%
1) Agree35569.5
2) Disagree15630.5
Missing54383
Total511100.0
119) Monthly individual income (by quintiles) (M28)
 TOTAL%
1) First quintile594712.4
2) Second quintile847817.7
3) Third quintile805116.8
4) Fourth quintile1097622.9
5) Fifth quintile1440130.1
Missing7041
Total47853100.0
120) Independently of whether you go to religious services or not, would you say you are: (M30)
 TOTAL%
1) Religious3097974.2
2) In between/mixed553513.3
3) Not religious/atheist523312.5
4) Other40.0
Missing13143
Total41751100.0
121) When you get together with your friends, would you say you discuss political matters frequently, occasionally, or never? (M31)
 TOTAL%
1) Frequently396314.3
2) Occasionally1274145.9
3) Never1104339.8
Missing27147
Total27747100.0
122) All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? (M32)
 TOTAL%
1) Very dissatisfied544914.4
2) Dissatisfied529314.0
3) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied990526.3
4) Satisfied947925.1
5) Very satisfied760720.2
Missing17161
Total37733100.0
123) Do you find that you get comfort and strength from religion? (M33)
 TOTAL%
1) Yes, very much2455692.5
2) Some11134.2
3) A little2410.9
4) No, very little or none6472.4
Missing28337
Total26557100.0
124) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Family (M34A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important3579495.4
2) Rather important15074.0
3) Not very important1460.4
4) Not important at all550.1
Missing17392
Total37502100.0
125) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Politics (M34B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important736719.4
2) Rather important1168330.8
3) Not very important960525.3
4) Not important at all927124.4
Missing16968
Total37926100.0
126) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Work (M34C)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important2904175.0
2) Rather important671417.3
3) Not very important20225.2
4) Not important at all9492.5
Missing16168
Total38726100.0
127) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Religion (M34D)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important3583787.4
2) Rather important40549.9
3) Not very important7411.8
4) Not important at all3520.9
Missing13910
Total40984100.0
128) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Society (M34E)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important423360.8
2) Rather important244935.2
3) Not very important2173.1
4) Not important at all600.9
Missing47935
Total6959100.0
129) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Tribe (M34F)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important24617.1
2) Rather important53337.1
3) Not very important35624.8
4) Not important at all30221.0
Missing53457
Total1437100.0
130) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Friends (M34G)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important1609450.7
2) Rather important1205238.0
3) Not very important28729.0
4) Not important at all7372.3
Missing23139
Total31755100.0
131) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Leisure time (M34H)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important909829.9
2) Rather important1193439.2
3) Not very important704823.2
4) Not important at all23277.7
Missing24487
Total30407100.0
132) For each of the following, indicate whether it is very important, rather important, not very important, or not important at all in your life: Service to others (M34I)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important700459.8
2) Rather important391633.5
3) Not very important6515.6
4) Not important at all1351.2
Missing43188
Total11706100.0
133) People sometimes talk about the factors that make a person qualified for national leadership. Please state which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important: Previous political experience (M35A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important670450.4
2) Rather important342425.7
3) Not very important136210.2
4) Not important at all181813.7
Missing41586
Total13308100.0
134) People sometimes talk about the factors that make a person qualified for national leadership. Please state which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important: Openness to diverse political ideas (M35B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important845549.7
2) Rather important457726.9
3) Not very important13267.8
4) Not important at all264815.6
Missing37888
Total17006100.0
135) People sometimes talk about the factors that make a person qualified for national leadership. Please state which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important: Hardworking (M35C)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important700751.8
2) Rather important310122.9
3) Not very important165912.3
4) Not important at all175313.0
Missing41374
Total13520100.0
136) People sometimes talk about the factors that make a person qualified for national leadership. Please state which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important: Effective speaker/Ease in communicating with people (M35D)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important619147.4
2) Rather important324724.9
3) Not very important162112.4
4) Not important at all199215.3
Missing41843
Total13051100.0
137) People sometimes talk about the factors that make a person qualified for national leadership. Please state which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important: A sense of justice and integrity (M35E)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important380956.6
2) Rather important114217.0
3) Not very important89313.3
4) Not important at all88413.1
Missing48166
Total6728100.0
138) People sometimes talk about the factors that make a person qualified for national leadership. Please state which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important: Role in the national struggle (M35F)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important84125.0
2) Rather important53816.0
3) Not very important60618.0
4) Not important at all138241.0
Missing51527
Total3367100.0
139) People sometimes talk about the factors that make a person qualified for national leadership. Please state which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important: Militant in a party or trade union (M35G)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important232.4
2) Rather important282.9
3) Not very important474.9
4) Not important at all87089.9
Missing53926
Total968100.0
140) Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while other people feel that what they do has no real effect on what happens to them. How much freedom of choice and control do you feel you have over the way your own life turns out? (M36)
 TOTAL%
1) Yes, very much1090329.8
2) Some885624.2
3) A little1187432.4
4) No, very little or none498313.6
Missing18278
Total36616100.0
141) Did you vote/participate in the most recent election? (M37)
 TOTAL%
0) No836237.2
1) Yes1370761.0
2) Not eligible3961.8
Missing32429
Total22465100.0
142) Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these please tell me whether you, personally, have ever done each of these things in the past three years: Join together with others to draw attention to an issue or sign a petition. (M38A)
 TOTAL%
1) Once or more than once457516.4
2) Might do621922.3
3) Never have done and never will do1706661.3
Missing27034
Total27860100.0
143) Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these please tell me whether you, personally, have ever done each of these things in the past three years: Attend a demonstration or protest march. (M38B)
 TOTAL%
1) Once or more than once369113.1
2) Might do479917.1
3) Never have done and never will do1962969.8
Missing26775
Total28119100.0
144) Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these please tell me whether you, personally, have ever done each of these things in the past three years: Joining in boycotts. (M38C)
 TOTAL%
1) Once or more than once223610.8
2) Might do480023.1
3) Never have done and never will do1373966.1
Missing34119
Total20775100.0
145) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Followers of other religions (M39A)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors1786367.4
1) I do mind having them as neighbors863232.6
Missing28399
Total26495100.0
146) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? People of different race or color (M39B)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors2109571.2
1) I do mind having them as neighbors852028.8
Missing25279
Total29615100.0
147) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Immigrants and guest workers (M39C)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors1932265.4
1) I do mind having them as neighbors1020034.6
Missing25372
Total29522100.0
148) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? People with a criminal record (M39D)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors820838.4
1) I do mind having them as neighbors1318661.6
Missing33500
Total21394100.0
149) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Drinkers (M39E)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors788035.2
1) I do mind having them as neighbors1448664.8
Missing32528
Total22366100.0
150) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Emotionally unstable people (M39F)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors822450.1
1) I do mind having them as neighbors818649.9
Missing38484
Total16410100.0
151) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? People who have AIDS (M39G)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors896237.6
1) I do mind having them as neighbors1490462.4
Missing31028
Total23866100.0
152) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Drug addicts (M39H)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors691729.0
1) I do mind having them as neighbors1696271.0
Missing31015
Total23879100.0
153) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Homosexuals (M39I)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors702533.2
1) I do mind having them as neighbors1413766.8
Missing33732
Total21162100.0
154) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Unmarried couples living together (M39J)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors141922.2
1) I do mind having them as neighbors498377.8
Missing48492
Total6402100.0
155) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? People who speak a different language (M39K)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors95389.9
1) I do mind having them as neighbors10710.1
Missing53834
Total1060100.0
156) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Jews (M39M)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors349131.7
1) I do mind having them as neighbors752668.3
Missing43877
Total11017100.0
157) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Christians (M39N)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors766162.8
1) I do mind having them as neighbors453937.2
Missing42694
Total12200100.0
158) Do you mind having the following groups as neighbors? Americans (M39O)
 TOTAL%
0) I do not mind having them as neighbors63312.9
1) I do mind having them as neighbors427487.1
Missing49987
Total4907100.0
159) How much respect is there for democracy and human rights in your country? (M40)
 TOTAL%
1) A lot of respect494514.4
2) Some respect1345639.1
3) In between23816.9
4) Not much respect737321.4
5) No respect at all622518.1
Missing20514
Total34380100.0
160) How democratic is [country]? (M41)
 TOTAL%
1) Not at all democratic303722.0
2) Democracy but with major problems433931.5
3) Democracy but with minor problems410529.8
4) Completely democratic216815.7
96) There is no democracy1311.0
Missing41114
Total13780100.0
161) Can you remember the name of the Foreign Minister? (M42A)
 TOTAL%
0) Wrong answer206027.7
1) Correct answer537772.3
Missing47457
Total7437100.0
162) Can you remember the name of the speaker/leader/president of parliament? (M42B)
 TOTAL%
0) Wrong answer169021.3
1) Correct answer623578.7
Missing46969
Total7925100.0
163) Can you remember the name of the Minister of Finance? (M42C)
 TOTAL%
0) Wrong answer108343.7
1) Correct answer139456.3
Missing52417
Total2477100.0
164) I am knowledgeable of political matters. (M42D)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree51621.8
2) Agree1747.4
3) Disagree104444.2
4) Strongly disagree60825.7
98) Can't choose/Don't know220.9
Missing52530
Total2364100.0
165) How often do you read the newspaper? (M43)
 TOTAL%
1) Rarely or not at all455534.4
2) Occasionally312723.6
3) Several times a week169212.8
4) Everyday387729.3
Missing41643
Total13251100.0
166) Do you refer to religious teachings when making decisions about your life? (M44)
 TOTAL%
1) Always27947.6
2) Sometimes27046.1
3) Rarely345.8
4) Never30.5
Missing54308
Total586100.0
167) How often do you pray? (M45)
 TOTAL%
1) Very often (several times a day)1150947.3
2) Often (everyday)934938.4
3) Sometimes (once or twice a week)7373.0
4) Rarely (one or two times a month or only on religious holidays)8553.5
5) Never19027.8
Missing30542
Total24352100.0
168) How often do you pray/perform in the mosque? (M46)
 TOTAL%
1) Very often (several times a day)7684.1
2) Often (everyday)512327.5
3) Sometimes (once or twice a week)268114.4
4) Rarely (one or two times a month or only on religious holidays)446224.0
5) Never558630.0
Missing36274
Total18620100.0
169) When you consider what a suitable spouse is for your son or daughter, would you say that each of the following is very important, somewhat important, or not important: S/he prays. (M47A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important381853.0
2) Somewhat important120416.7
3) A little important73310.2
4) Not important at all145420.2
Missing47685
Total7209100.0
170) When you consider what a suitable spouse is for your son or daughter, would you say that each of the following is very important, somewhat important, or not important: S/he fasts. (M47B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important472665.4
2) Somewhat important91712.7
3) A little important4846.7
4) Not important at all110415.3
Missing47663
Total7231100.0
171) The culture of the U.S. and other Western countries has many positive attributes. (M48A)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree159112.9
2) Agree752161.1
3) Disagree320226.0
4) Strongly disagree30.0
Missing42577
Total12317100.0
172) Exposure to the culture of the U.S. and other Western countries has a harmful effect on our country. (M48B)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree333327.5
2) Agree407133.6
3) Disagree246020.3
4) Strongly disagree6245.1
5) Neither agree nor disagree (coded as 2.5 in the original and recoded by ARDA)410.3
98) Can't choose/Don't know8416.9
99) Decline to answer360.3
100) Not usable/Not provided7175.9
Missing42771
Total12123100.0
173) Despite negative U.S. foreign policies, most ordinary Americans are good people. (M48C)
 TOTAL%
2) Agree370958.9
3) Disagree259041.1
Missing48595
Total6299100.0
174) Censorship should be increased on books and literature coming from the West. (M48D)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree113439.0
2) Agree154153.0
3) Disagree1866.4
4) Strongly disagree481.7
Missing51985
Total2909100.0
175) Western values led to mortal erosion in our societies. (M48E)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree39566.7
2) Agree15225.7
3) Disagree213.5
4) Strongly disagree244.1
Missing54302
Total592100.0
176) The west is the reason for our underdevelopment. (M48F)
 TOTAL%
1) Agree32462.7
2) Disagree19337.3
Missing54377
Total517100.0
177) Western culture poses a threat to Islam. (M48G)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree63654.0
2) Agree26522.5
3) Disagree14212.1
4) Strongly disagree13511.5
Missing53716
Total1178100.0
178) We must obey the leaders in our society. (M49)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree116616.7
2) Agree345549.6
3) Disagree172124.7
4) Strongly disagree6218.9
Missing47931
Total6963100.0
179) Abandonment of religion (M50)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important167270.7
2) Important49020.7
3) Somewhat important1024.3
4) Not very important823.5
5) Not important at all200.8
Missing52528
Total2366100.0
180) How important is: Existence of a multiparty system (political pluralism)? (M51A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important76633.3
2) Important92640.3
3) Somewhat important1627.0
4) Not very important36615.9
5) Not important at all783.4
Missing52596
Total2298100.0
181) How important is: Fair and regular elections? (M51B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important120051.2
2) Important97241.4
3) Somewhat important1024.3
4) Not very important662.8
5) Not important at all60.3
Missing52548
Total2346100.0
182) How important is: Existence of an elected parliament representing all political trends? (M51C)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important110647.8
2) Important100643.4
3) Somewhat important1004.3
4) Not very important803.5
5) Not important at all241.0
Missing52578
Total2316100.0
183) Islam is the sole faith by which Palestinians can obtain their rights. (M52A)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree156667.2
2) Agree1948.3
4) Disagree23810.2
5) Strongly disagree33214.2
Missing52564
Total2330100.0
184) Islamic laws (regarding social aspects) should be modified to fit the current lifestyle. (M52B)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree31411.4
2) Agree124645.3
3) Neither agree nor disagree2328.4
4) Disagree63523.1
5) Strongly disagree32211.7
Missing52145
Total2749100.0
185) Islam should take a large role in our society. (M52C)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree89675.7
2) Agree21318.0
4) Disagree494.1
5) Strongly disagree252.1
Missing53711
Total1183100.0
186) Islamic values play a larger role in government policy. (M52D)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree61753.3
2) Agree39734.3
4) Disagree998.5
5) Strongly disagree453.9
Missing53736
Total1158100.0
187) Islamic extremism poses a threat to Islam. (M52E)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree33930.7
2) Agree25823.3
4) Disagree21219.2
5) Strongly disagree29726.9
Missing53788
Total1106100.0
188) Islam is playing a growing role in our society today. (M52F)
 TOTAL%
1) Strongly agree39835.4
2) Agree52446.6
4) Disagree16714.8
5) Strongly disagree363.2
Missing53769
Total1125100.0
189) The solution to our political problems today is the return to the social and political views indicated in Islam. (M52G)
 TOTAL%
2) Agree28553.6
3) Neither agree nor disagree21340.0
4) Disagree346.4
Missing54362
Total532100.0
190) Islam is the only ideology which enables us to develop. (M52H)
 TOTAL%
2) Agree51493.3
4) Disagree376.7
Missing54343
Total551100.0
191) Muslims ought to practice their religion today in the same fashion that their fathers and grandfathers practiced it. (M52I)
 TOTAL%
2) Agree34364.8
4) Disagree18635.2
Missing54365
Total529100.0
192) Do you support the current organized religious movements? (M53)
 TOTAL%
1) Yes8115.5
2) Somewhat18635.6
3) No25548.9
Missing54372
Total522100.0
193) I will sacrifice any precious thing for the Islamic nation. (M54)
 TOTAL%
1) Always133856.7
2) Most of the time28212.0
3) Few times40217.0
4) No29612.6
98) Can't choose/Don't know401.7
Missing52536
Total2358100.0
194) Support for Islamic political parties. (M55)
 TOTAL%
1) Apply81835.7
2) To an extent apply1426.2
3) Somewhat apply45619.9
4) Not apply87438.2
Missing52604
Total2290100.0
195) Accountability of government (M56)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important122452.7
2) Important85036.6
3) Somewhat important1466.3
4) Not important863.7
5) Not important at all180.8
Missing52570
Total2324100.0
196) Importance of Islamic unity (M57)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important45177.1
2) Important6511.1
3) Somewhat important528.9
4) Not important101.7
5) Not important at all71.2
Missing54309
Total585100.0
197) The political identity of my nation can best be described as part of the: Islamic world. (M58)
 TOTAL%
1) First ranked41572.9
2) Second ranked7012.3
3) Third ranked7212.7
4) Fourth ranked122.1
Missing54325
Total569100.0
198) What is the main political issue facing the country today? Political participation (M59A)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important448.0
2) Important5510.0
3) Somewhat important21538.9
4) Not important10118.3
5) Not important at all13724.8
Missing54342
Total552100.0
199) What is the main political issue facing the country today? Neglect of Islamic values (M59B)
 TOTAL%
1) Very important18232.5
2) Important8715.5
3) Somewhat important16429.3
4) Not important6712.0
5) Not important at all6010.7
Missing54334
Total560100.0
200) Does liberal democracy represent your political beliefs and orientations? (M60A)
 TOTAL%
0) No52191.9
1) Yes468.1
Missing54327
Total567100.0
201) Does the Muslim Brotherhood or other Islamic Groups represent your political beliefs and orientations? (M60B)
 TOTAL%
0) No46882.5
1) Yes9917.5
Missing54327
Total567100.0
202) Is a Majlis Shura your preferred form of (political) participation? (M61A)
 TOTAL%
0) No25645.0
1) Yes31355.0
Missing54325
Total569100.0
203) Is a parliament with political parties your preferred form of (political) participation? (M61B)
 TOTAL%
0) No46982.4
1) Yes10017.6
Missing54325
Total569100.0
204) Are you a member of any formal organization or group? (M62)
 TOTAL%
0) No591782.1
1) Yes129417.9
Missing47683
Total7211100.0
205) Are you a member of a church or religious organization? (M63)
 TOTAL%
0) Not a member922085.4
1) Inactive member7476.9
2) Active member8017.4
3) Official leader260.2
Missing44100
Total10794100.0
206) When you need advice about a personal problem, how often do you consult each of the following? An imam or fakih (M64)
 TOTAL%
1) Most often90012.9
2) Sometimes153322.0
3) Rarely149721.5
4) Never303643.6
Missing47928
Total6966100.0
207) Respondent's religion (M65)
 TOTAL%
1) Muslim5203795.3
2) Christian14312.6
4) Hindu70.0
5) Jew870.2
6) Zoroastrian160.0
7) Other330.1
9) Not asked9671.8
Missing316
Total54578100.0
208) Muslim sect (M66)
 TOTAL%
1) Sunni240032.6
2) Shia497267.4
Missing47522
Total7372100.0
209) Political Rights Index (Freedom House) (1=Highest amount of freedom; 7=Least amount of freedom) (MFHPR)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548945.370.87
210) Civil Liberties Index (Freedom House) (1=Highest amount of freedom; 7=Least amount of freedom) (MFHCL)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548945.180.81
211) Freedom House Index (Democratic Status) (MSTATUS)
 TOTAL%
1) Not free2988454.4
2) Partly free2471045.0
3) Free3000.5
Total54894100.0
212) Corruption Perception Index (CPI): CPI Score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people and country analysts, and ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt). A score of 5.0 is the number Transparency International considers the borderline figure distinguishing countries that do and do not have a serious corruption problem. (MCORR)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total447723.471.09
213) Year of independence (MYINDEP)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total453061,947.2821.35
214) Colonial Heritage (MCOLHER)
 TOTAL%
0) No colonial heritage1265423.1
1) Colonial heritage4224076.9
Total54894100.0
215) Years of Colonial Heritage (MCOLHERY)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5445850.6342.07
216) British colonial power (MCOLPOW)
 TOTAL%
0) Other/None (Spain/France)2370143.2
1) British3119356.8
Total54894100.0
217) Population (in millions) (MPOP)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489433.1027.31
218) Population age 0-14 (percent of total) (MPOPYNG)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489435.647.05
219) The Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index based on the weighted average of three indices: educational attainment index measuring a combination of the adult literacy rate (two-thirds weight) and the combined gross primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment ratio (one-third weight); life expectancy index measuring life expectancy at birth; and adjusted Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (PPP $) index measuring the standard of living. Ratings for the HDI are the following: Values between 0.1 – 0.499 imply low human development Values between 0.5 – 0.799 imply medium human development Values between 0.8 – 0.999 imply high human development (MHDI)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total513260.710.08
220) Life expectancy (in years) (MLIFE)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489469.923.61
221) Percentage of urban population (MURBAN)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489465.0414.57
222) Percentage of unemployment (percent of total labor force) (Persons age 15 years and older usually) (MUNEMP)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489414.907.10
223) Percentage of women in the labor force (percent of total labor force) (MWOMWORK)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489422.355.88
224) GDP per capita at current prices-U.S. dollars (MGDPCAP)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548944,651.9412,636.98
225) GNI per capita, atlas method (current U.S. dollars) (MGNI)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total453783,252.684,487.30
226) GDP at constant (1990) prices-U.S. dollars (in millions) (MGDP)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5096771,941.3974,448.23
227) Ethnic fractionalization (0= Low ethnic fractionalization; 1= High ethnic fractionalization) (MFRACETH)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total453060.410.17
228) Linguistic fractionalization (0= Low linguistic fractionalization; 1= High linguistic fractionalization) (MFRACLAN)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548940.280.22
229) Religious fractionalization (0= Low religious fractionalization; 1= High religious fractionalization) (MFRACREL)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548940.190.20
230) Percent of non-Muslim population (MNONMUSL)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548946.387.41
231) Area in squared kilometers (MAREA)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total54894707,708.69725,407.50
232) Gini Index (1= Absolute equality; 100= Absolute inequality) (MGINI)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total4530638.103.48
233) Literacy rate, adult total (percent of people 15+) (LITADULT)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total4671975.1814.90
234) Literacy rate, adult female (percent of all females people 15+) (MLITFEM)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total3347466.9921.83
235) Percentage of women in the Lower House of parliament (MWOMPAR)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total447145.585.87
236) Government Regulation of Religion Index (10 = High government regulation of religion; 0= Low government regulation of religion) Based on coding from Grim and Finke (2003) which in turn is based on the 2003 U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Reports (MGRI2003)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548945.922.27
237) How is freedom of religion described? Based on coding from Grim and Finke (2003) which in turn is based on the 2003 US State Department's International Religious Freedom Reports (MFREEIR)
 TOTAL%
1) Law provides and government respects but problems exist2256041.1
2) Limited and/or rights not protected3083256.2
3) Does not exist15022.7
Total54894100.0
238) Does the government generally respect the right to freedom of religion in practice? Based on coding from Grim and Finke (2003) which in turn is based on the 2003 US State Department's International Religious Freedom Reports (MGVRSPIR)
 TOTAL%
0) Yes958817.5
1) Yes, but exceptions or restrictions are mentioned1915734.9
2) The phrase generally respects is not used2614947.6
Total54894100.0
239) Government Funding of Religion Index (0 = low funding; 12 = high funding for schools, buildings, clergy, media, etc.) Based on coding from Grim and Finke (2003) which in turn is based on the 2003 U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Reports (MFUNDEXS)
 TOTAL%
0) 21573.9
2) 22454.1
4) 701312.8
6) 2094538.2
8) 2253441.1
Total54894100.0
240) Percent revenue from agriculture (MREVAGR)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total4923813.447.40
241) Gross education enrollment rate (percent), secondary (MSECEDUC)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5154374.1417.04
242) Gross education enrollment rate, secondary, females (percent gross) (MSECEDFM)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5125171.5422.05
243) Natural resource exports as a percentage of GDP (MEXPORTS)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489422.0129.24
244) Natural resources per capita (MNATRES)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548941,268.904,210.36
245) Freedom House Political Rights Index 5-year lag (1=Highest amount of freedom; 7=Least amount of freedom) (MFHPR5)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548945.460.97
246) Freedom House Civil Liberties Index 5-year lag (1=Highest amount of freedom; 7=Least amount of freedom) (MFHCL5)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548945.570.90
247) Freedom House Democratic Status Index 5-year lag (MSTATUS5)
 TOTAL%
1) Not free3580665.2
2) Partly free1908834.8
Total54894100.0
248) Corruption Index 5-year lag (MCORR5)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total262353.770.98
249) Population (in millions) 10-year lag (MPOP10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5252628.6122.90
250) Young population (percent of total population) 10-year lag (MPOPY10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489450.4858.88
251) Human Development Index 10-year lag (MHDI10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total299740.640.09
252) Life expectancy at birth (in years) 10-year lag (MLIFE10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total4736566.464.25
253) Percentage of urban population 10-year lag (MURBAN10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489461.8414.78
254) Percentage of unemployment (percent of total labor force) (Persons age 15 years and older usually) (MUNEMP10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total3170413.906.75
255) Percentage of women in the labor force 10-year lag (MWWRK10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5193421.505.15
256) GDP per capita at current prices-U.S. dollars 10-year lag (MGDPCP10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548942,523.014,391.05
257) Gross national income per capita, atlas method (current U.S. dollars) 10-year lag (MGNI10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total439202,450.272,926.93
258) GDP per capita at current prices-U.S. dollars 5-year lag (MGDPCAP5)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total548943,079.536,837.81
259) Gross national income per capita, atlas method (current US dollars) 5-year lag (MGNI5)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total452402,468.582,959.80
260) Literacy rate, adult total (percent of people 15+) 10-year lag (MLITAD10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total2677474.9013.14
261) Literacy rate, adult female (percent of all females people 15+) 10 year lag (MLITFM10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total2454580.55118.62
262) Women in parliament 10-year lag (MWMPAR10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total280182.052.29
263) Gross education enrollment rate, secondary (percent gross) 10-year lag (MSECED10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total4929462.1716.98
264) Gross education enrollment rate, secondary, females, (percent gross) 10-year lag (MSECFM10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total4929457.9424.94
265) Natural resource exports as a percentage of GDP 5-year lag (MEXPORT5)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5489418.4927.59
266) Natural resources per capita 5-year lag (MNATRPC5)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total54894842.783,364.59
267) Natural resource exports as a percentage of GDP 10-year lag (MEXPRT10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total5256912.8019.20
268) Natural resources per capita 10-year lag (MNTRS10)
 NMeanStd. Deviation
Total52569553.852,001.00
269) Age (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-AGE)
 TOTAL%
1) 18-24 years old1191523.1
2) 25-34 years old1489428.9
3) 35-44 years old1159922.5
4) 45-54 years old708713.8
5) 55-64 years old37677.3
6) 65+ years old22584.4
Missing3374
Total51520100.0
270) Level of education (not original codes--recoded by the ARDA) (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-EDUC)
 TOTAL%
1) Illiterate969417.8
2) Elementary and primary (includes elementary school so goes from first grade to eighth grade)1522328.0
3) Secondary1468727.0
4) BA (completion of college degree)1184221.8
5) MA or higher29105.4
Missing538
Total54356100.0
271) Monthly individual income (by quintiles) (for use with online analysis) (I-INCOME)
 TOTAL%
1) First quintile594712.4
2) Second quintile847817.7
3) Third quintile805116.8
4) Fourth quintile1097622.9
5) Fifth quintile1440130.1
Missing7041
Total47853100.0
272) Respondent's religion (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-RELIGION)
 TOTAL%
1) Muslim5203797.1
2) Christian14312.7
3) Jew870.2
4) Other560.1
Missing1283
Total53611100.0
273) Sex of respondent (for use with online analysis) (I-SEX)
 TOTAL%
1) Male2712249.5
2) Female2770550.5
Missing67
Total54827100.0

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