General Social Survey, 1991 - Analysis
STIFFPUN
Here are some measures to deal with crime. Some people are in favor of them while other people are against them. Do you agree or disagree that . . . People who break the law should be given stiffer sentences.
| Frequency | Percent | Cumulative Percent | Z-Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Strongly agree | 532 | 39.1% | 39.1% | -0.74 |
| 2) Agree | 607 | 44.7% | 83.8% | 0.05 |
| 3) Neither agree nor disagree | 138 | 10.2% | 94.0% | 0.84 |
| 4) Disagree | 41 | 3.0% | 97.0% | 1.64 |
| 5) Strongly disagree | 8 | 0.6% | 97.6% | 2.43 |
| 8) Can't choose | 28 | 2.1% | 99.6% | 4.82 |
| 9) No answer | 5 | 0.4% | 100.0% | 5.61 |
| Missing | 158 | |||
| Total Unweighted N = 1359 |
Age (I-AGE)
| 18-29 | 30-44 | 45-59 | 60-74 | 75 and older | Missing | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 34.1%95 | 37.9%187 | 39.8%97 | 46.8%111 | 39.0%41 | 1 | 39.1%531 |
| Agree | 48.0%134 | 46.7%230 | 41.8%102 | 38.4%91 | 47.6%50 | 0 | 44.7%607 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 10.8%30 | 10.3%51 | 11.9%29 | 8.4%20 | 7.6%8 | 0 | 10.2%138 |
| Disagree | 4.7%13 | 2.0%10 | 3.7%9 | 3.4%8 | 1.0%1 | 0 | 3.0%41 |
| Strongly disagree | 1.1%3 | 0.4%2 | 0.8%2 | 0.0%0 | 1.0%1 | 0 | 0.6%8 |
| Can't choose | 1.4%4 | 2.4%12 | 1.6%4 | 2.1%5 | 2.9%3 | 0 | 2.1%28 |
| No answer | 0.0%0 | 0.2%1 | 0.4%1 | 0.8%2 | 1.0%1 | 0 | 0.4%5 |
| Missing | 26 | 56 | 34 | 29 | 11 | 159 | 2 |
| Total | 100%279 | 100%493 | 100%244 | 100%237 | 100%105 | 1358 |
Worship attendance (I-ATTEND)
| Less than once a year | About once or twice a year | Several times a year | About once a month | Nearly every week | Once a week or more | Missing | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 37.7%115 | 36.1%66 | 43.4%69 | 42.6%100 | 29.6%21 | 39.9%153 | 8 | 39.2%524 |
| Agree | 41.0%125 | 44.8%82 | 42.1%67 | 44.3%104 | 47.9%34 | 47.3%181 | 14 | 44.4%593 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 12.5%38 | 12.0%22 | 10.7%17 | 9.4%22 | 15.5%11 | 7.0%27 | 1 | 10.3%137 |
| Disagree | 4.9%15 | 3.3%6 | 2.5%4 | 1.3%3 | 2.8%2 | 2.9%11 | 0 | 3.1%41 |
| Strongly disagree | 0.3%1 | 0.5%1 | 0.0%0 | 1.3%3 | 0.0%0 | 0.8%3 | 0 | 0.6%8 |
| Can't choose | 3.0%9 | 2.7%5 | 1.3%2 | 0.9%2 | 4.2%3 | 1.8%7 | 0 | 2.1%28 |
| No answer | 0.7%2 | 0.5%1 | 0.0%0 | 0.4%1 | 0.0%0 | 0.3%1 | 0 | 0.4%5 |
| Missing | 21 | 19 | 20 | 31 | 12 | 53 | 181 | 2 |
| Total | 100%305 | 100%183 | 100%159 | 100%235 | 100%71 | 100%383 | 1336 |
Education (I-EDUC)
| Less than high school | High school | Junior College | Bachelor's degree | Graduate degree | Missing | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 39.9%109 | 40.7%304 | 36.9%24 | 32.3%64 | 38.6%27 | 4 | 39.0%528 |
| Agree | 44.0%120 | 44.6%333 | 55.4%36 | 47.5%94 | 32.9%23 | 1 | 44.8%606 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 7.3%20 | 10.0%75 | 4.6%3 | 12.6%25 | 21.4%15 | 0 | 10.2%138 |
| Disagree | 3.3%9 | 2.5%19 | 3.1%2 | 4.5%9 | 2.9%2 | 0 | 3.0%41 |
| Strongly disagree | 1.5%4 | 0.5%4 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.6%8 |
| Can't choose | 3.3%9 | 1.3%10 | 0.0%0 | 2.5%5 | 4.3%3 | 1 | 2.0%27 |
| No answer | 0.7%2 | 0.3%2 | 0.0%0 | 0.5%1 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.4%5 |
| Missing | 32 | 78 | 8 | 26 | 11 | 164 | 3 |
| Total | 100%273 | 100%747 | 100%65 | 100%198 | 100%70 | 1353 |
Gender (I-GENDER)
| Male | Female | Missing | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 36.8%205 | 40.8%327 | 0 | 39.1%532 |
| Agree | 43.8%244 | 45.3%363 | 0 | 44.7%607 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 12.9%72 | 8.2%66 | 0 | 10.2%138 |
| Disagree | 3.6%20 | 2.6%21 | 0 | 3.0%41 |
| Strongly disagree | 0.4%2 | 0.7%6 | 0 | 0.6%8 |
| Can't choose | 2.2%12 | 2.0%16 | 0 | 2.1%28 |
| No answer | 0.4%2 | 0.4%3 | 0 | 0.4%5 |
| Missing | 79 | 79 | 158 | 0 |
| Total | 100%557 | 100%802 | 1359 |
Religion (I-RELIGION)
| Protestant | Catholic | Jewish | None | Other | Missing | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 39.8%340 | 39.0%140 | 33.3%10 | 36.3%33 | 37.5%9 | 0 | 39.1%532 |
| Agree | 44.8%383 | 47.9%172 | 43.3%13 | 34.1%31 | 33.3%8 | 0 | 44.7%607 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 9.5%81 | 8.6%31 | 10.0%3 | 22.0%20 | 12.5%3 | 0 | 10.2%138 |
| Disagree | 2.5%21 | 3.3%12 | 10.0%3 | 2.2%2 | 12.5%3 | 0 | 3.0%41 |
| Strongly disagree | 0.9%8 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.6%8 |
| Can't choose | 2.0%17 | 1.1%4 | 3.3%1 | 5.5%5 | 4.2%1 | 0 | 2.1%28 |
| No answer | 0.6%5 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.4%5 |
| Missing | 111 | 27 | 2 | 11 | 5 | 158 | 2 |
| Total | 100%855 | 100%359 | 100%30 | 100%91 | 100%24 | 1359 |
Political ideology (I-POLITICS)
| Liberal and extremely liberal | Slightly liberal | Moderate, middle or the road | Slightly conservative | Conservative | Extremely conservative | Missing | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 31.3%55 | 33.3%64 | 40.8%215 | 38.0%73 | 42.0%79 | 54.3%44 | 2 | 39.1%530 |
| Agree | 43.8%77 | 47.4%91 | 43.8%231 | 50.0%96 | 46.3%87 | 30.9%25 | 0 | 44.8%607 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 13.6%24 | 14.1%27 | 10.2%54 | 5.7%11 | 8.0%15 | 8.6%7 | 0 | 10.2%138 |
| Disagree | 8.5%15 | 2.6%5 | 2.5%13 | 2.1%4 | 1.1%2 | 2.5%2 | 0 | 3.0%41 |
| Strongly disagree | 0.6%1 | 1.0%2 | 0.4%2 | 1.6%3 | 0.0%0 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.6%8 |
| Can't choose | 2.3%4 | 1.0%2 | 2.1%11 | 1.6%3 | 2.1%4 | 3.7%3 | 1 | 2.0%27 |
| No answer | 0.0%0 | 0.5%1 | 0.2%1 | 1.0%2 | 0.5%1 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.4%5 |
| Missing | 15 | 22 | 57 | 26 | 24 | 13 | 161 | 1 |
| Total | 100%176 | 100%192 | 100%527 | 100%192 | 100%188 | 100%81 | 1356 |
Race (I-RACE)
| White | Black | Other | Missing | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree | 39.4%453 | 39.3%66 | 31.7%13 | 0 | 39.1%532 |
| Agree | 44.8%515 | 42.3%71 | 51.2%21 | 0 | 44.7%607 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 10.5%121 | 8.9%15 | 4.9%2 | 0 | 10.2%138 |
| Disagree | 3.0%34 | 3.0%5 | 4.9%2 | 0 | 3.0%41 |
| Strongly disagree | 0.3%3 | 3.0%5 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.6%8 |
| Can't choose | 1.7%20 | 3.0%5 | 7.3%3 | 0 | 2.1%28 |
| No answer | 0.3%4 | 0.6%1 | 0.0%0 | 0 | 0.4%5 |
| Missing | 114 | 36 | 8 | 158 | 0 |
| Total | 100%1150 | 100%168 | 100%41 | 1359 |
