National Survey of Religious Leaders - Codebook

All Frequencies weighted by 227) WT_NSRL_PRIMARY_DUP;
(The number of missing cases reported in the codebook are unweighted)

1) 1. Case number (CASEID)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	1,265.14	315.46

2) 2. Are you a member of a religious order? (This item was asked only of leaders from Catholic congregations. It is missing for leaders of other congregations.) (ORDER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	25	45.4
2) No	29	53.2
Missing	1183
Total	54	100.0

3) 2b. Respondent is a Catholic Priest. (This item was constructed through a combination of respondent answers to the NSRL questionnaire and congregational variables. It was constructed only for leaders of Catholic congregations. It is missing for leaders of other congregations.) (PRIEST)

	TOTAL	%
0) No	4	7.8
1) Yes	50	91.9
Missing	1169
Total	54	100.0

4) 3. What is your position or job title at [CONGREGATION NAME]? (This question was open-ended. Verbatim responses were coded into the above categories. These categories represent areas or types of ministry rather than specific job titles.) (POSITION)

	TOTAL	%
1) Primary congregational leader	890	100.0
2) General congregational leader (not primary)	0	0.0
3) Music	0	0.0
4) Education	0	0.0
5) Youth and young adults	0	0.0
6) Adult/Family/Outreach	0	0.0
7) Sick/Bereaved	0	0.0
8) Missions	0	0.0
9) Spanish-speaking/Hispanic	0	0.0
10) Administration	0	0.0
13) Other	0	0.0
14) Multiple roles	0	0.0
Missing	4
Total	890	100.0

5) 4. Are you the head or principal clergy person or religious leader at [CONGREGATION NAME]? (Respondent answers to this question sometimes were adjusted using information from congregational websites and respondent values on the variables POSITION, PREACH, CLASS, VISIT, and COUNSEL. It is coded 1 for all co-leaders in congregations with equal co-leaders. (PRIMARY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	890	100.0
2) No	0	0.0
Total	890	100.0

6) 5. Are you paid for your work in this congregation? (PAID)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	796	89.4
2) No	94	10.5
Missing	2
Total	890	100.0

7) 6. In your position at [CONGREGATION NAME], do you mainly focus on a specific area such as youth, children, music, worship, adult education, outreach, administration, or some other specific area? [This item was asked only if PRIMARY = 2. It is missing if PRIMARY = 1.] (AREA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	967
Total	0	100.0

8) 6a1. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 1. Administration. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPADMIN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

9) 6a2. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 2. Children's ministry. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPCHILD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

10) 6a3. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 3. Community engagement. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPCOMM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

11) 6a4. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 4. Family ministry. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPFAMILY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

12) 6a5. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 5. Media or communications. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPMEDIA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

13) 6a6. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 6. Music. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPMUSIC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

14) 6a7. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 7. Outreach. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPOUT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

15) 6a8. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 8. Pastoral care. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPCARE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

16) 6a9. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 9. Preaching [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPPREACH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

17) 6a10. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 10. Psychological counseling. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPPSYCH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

18) 6a11. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 11. Religious education/Teaching. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPRELED)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

19) 6a12. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 12. Spiritual growth. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPSPIRIT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

20) 6a13. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 13. Technology other than worship-related technology. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPTECH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

21) 6a14. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 14. Volunteer coordinator. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPVOLCOR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

22) 6a15. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 15. Worship leader. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPWORLEAD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

23) 6a16. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 16. Worship-related technology. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPWORTECH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

24) 6a17. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 17. Young adult ministry. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPYADULT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

25) 6a18. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 18. Youth ministry. [If PRIMARY = 2 and AREA = 1, items 6a1-6a19 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing for other respondents.] (SPYOUTH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
2) No	0	0
Missing	1100
Total	0	100.0

26) 6a19. What specific area or areas do you focus on? 19. Other area of ministry. Please specify. [Up to three open-ended responses were recoded into existing categories (items 6a1-6a19) when appropriate. SPOTHER is missing for respondents who did not indicate an area of ministry other than the listed ones. It equals 1 for respondents who named at least one area of ministry that did not correspond to one of the listed categories.] (SPOTHER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	0	0
Missing	1511
Total	0	100.0

27) 6b. Respondent is either a general congregational leader (primary or secondary) or a specialist leader. [For some substantive purposes, researchers may want to focus on an analytical sample that includes both primary leaders and secondary leaders who are much like primary leaders in that they mainly have the same education and training, engage in the same range of religious work (preaching, teaching, pastoral care), and often will be primary leaders of a congregation later in their careers. GENLEAD was constructed using job titles and information about work responsibilities to identify that subset of respondents. All primary leaders, except the very small number of female leaders of priestless Catholic parishes, are coded 1 on GENLEAD, as are associates, assistants, and others whose job titles and reported responsibilities indicated a range of religious work similar to what we typically would see among primary leaders. Those reporting a specialization only in religious education, youth work, or some other area are coded 0. Researchers who want to focus on this analytical sample should select cases for which GENLEAD = 1 and weight the data using one of the weights designed to allow analysis of all leaders, such as WT_NSRL_ALL_DUP.] (GENLEAD)

	TOTAL	%
0) Special Secondary Leader	3	0.3
1) General Leader (Primary or Secondary)	887	99.7
Total	890	100.0

28) 7. In what year did you start serving at [CONGREGATION NAME] as the congregation's main leader or co-leader? [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they were the congregation's main leader or co-leader (PRIMARY = 1). It is missing when PRIMARY = 2. Respondents answered with exact years, which were collapsed into decades to protect respondent identity.] (YEARLEAD)

	TOTAL	%
1) 1970 to 1979	13	1.5
2) 1980 to 1989	35	4.2
3) 1990 to 1999	94	11.3
4) 2000 to 2009	180	21.6
5) 2010 to 2019	513	61.5
Missing	781
Total	835	100.0

29) 8. Were you on the staff of [CONGREGATION NAME] before you became its main leader or co-leader? [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated being the congregation's main leader or co-leader (PRIMARY = 1). It is missing when PRIMARY = 2.] (STFPREV)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	159	18.9
2) No	678	81.0
Missing	786
Total	837	100.0

30) 9. In what year did you start serving at [CONGREGATION NAME] as a paid member, full or part time? [This item was asked if the respondent indicated they were not the main leader or co-leader (PRIMARY = 2). It is missing when PRIMARY = 1. Respondents answered with exact years, which were collapsed into decades to preserve anonymity.] (YEARSTF)

	TOTAL	%
1) 1970 to 1979	0	0
2) 1980 to 1989	0	0
3) 1990 to 1999	0	0
4) 2000 to 2009	0	0
5) 2010 to 2019	0	0
Missing	966
Total	0	100.0

31) 10. Were you a member or regular participant in [CONGREGATION NAME] before you started serving there as a full or part time religious leader or staff member? (MBRPREV)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	224	25.5
2) No	657	74.6
Missing	13
Total	881	100.0

32) 11. Overall, including your time at [CONGREGATION NAME], how many years have you served in any congregation as a paid ministerial staff member, full or part time, or as the congregation's main leader, even if you weren't paid? (Number of years) (TIMESERV)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	888	21.67	12.73

33) 12. Did you work full-time in a different career or occupation before serving in a congregation, not counting summer or other temporary work? [Respondents were instructed to answer 'no' if their previous career was as a chaplain, campus minister, or other occupation in which they did ministerial or pastoral work.] (DIFFOCC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	579	66.0
2) No	298	33.9
Missing	9
Total	877	100.0

34) 13. In a typical week, how many hours do you spend in activities related to your position at [CONGREGATION NAME]? (Number of hours) (HRCONG)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	887	33.86	18.45

35) 14. Do you serve any other congregations besides this one? (SERVOTH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	171	19.4
2) No	712	80.7
Missing	9
Total	883	100.0

36) 14a. In a typical week, how many hours do you spend in activities related to your work with any other congregations over and above the time you spend in your work with [CONGREGATION NAME]? (Number of hours) [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they served at other congregations (SERVOTH = 1). It is missing when SERVOTH = 2.] (HROTHCNG)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	161	15.21	16.63

37) 15. In addition to your service in [CONGREGATION NAME], do you currently have an official role as a chaplain or minister in a hospital, nursing home, college, prison, or other kind of institution or setting? (CHAPLAIN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	151	17.1
2) No	736	83.0
Missing	8
Total	887	100.0

38) 15a1. In what kind of institution or setting do you serve as chaplain? 1. College/university. [If CHAPLAIN = 1, items 15a1-15a6 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing when CHAPLAIN = 2.] (CHAPUNI)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	7	4.8
2) No	143	95.6
Missing	1418
Total	150	100.0

39) 15a2. In what kind of institution or setting do you serve as chaplain? 2. Hospital. [If CHAPLAIN = 1, items 15a1-15a6 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing when CHAPLAIN = 2.] (CHAPHOSP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	37	24.4
2) No	114	75.4
Missing	1418
Total	151	100.0

40) 15a3. In what kind of institution or setting do you serve as chaplain? 3. Nursing homes. [If CHAPLAIN = 1, items 15a1-15a6 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing when CHAPLAIN = 2.] (CHAPNURS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	20	13.5
2) No	130	86.9
Missing	1418
Total	150	100.0

41) 15a4. In what kind of institution or setting do you serve as chaplain? 4. Prison/jail. [If CHAPLAIN = 1, items 15a1-15a6 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing when CHAPLAIN = 2.] (CHAPJAIL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	22	14.9
2) No	128	85.6
Missing	1418
Total	150	100.0

42) 15a5. In what kind of institution or setting do you serve as chaplain? 5. Police or fire department. [If CHAPLAIN = 1, items 15a1-15a6 were presented to the respondent, who was asked to check all that applied. These items are missing when CHAPLAIN = 2.] (CHAPPOL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	27	17.9
2) No	124	81.9
Missing	1418
Total	151	100.0

43) 15a6. In what kind of institution or setting do you serve as chaplain? 6. Other institution or setting. Please specify. [Open-ended responses were recoded into existing categories (items 15a1-15a6) when appropriate. CHAPOTH is missing for respondents who did not indicate an institution or setting other than the listed ones.] (CHAPOTH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	64	42.1
2) No	87	57.7
Missing	1418
Total	151	100.0

44) 15b. In a typical week, about how many hours do you spend in activities related to your official role as a chaplain over and above the time you spend in your work for [CONGREGATION NAME]? (Number of hours) [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they served as a chaplain (CHAPLAIN = 1). It is missing when CHAPLAIN = 2.] (HRCHAP)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	148	6.59	9.50

45) 16. Respondent has another job besides working at a congregation or as a chaplain. [This item was constructed from a set of questions with various wordings that depended on the respondent's answers to SERVOTH and CHAPLAIN. It indicates respondents who have a job beyond working in any congregation or as a chaplain. See the questionnaire for the exact questions.] (OTHERJOB)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	311	35.3
2) No	570	64.7
Missing	21
Total	881	100.0

46) 16a. In a typical week, how many hours do you spend in activities related to this other job or jobs? (Number of hours) [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they had another job (OTHERJOB = 1).] (HROTHJOB)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	292	27.63	15.72

47) 17. Total number of hours spent on work activities during a typical week. (Number of hours) [This number was calculated by the survey software from responses to HRCONG, HROTHCNG, HRCHAP, and HROTHJOB, and it was presented to the respondent. The respondent then either confirmed the calculated number or provided an alternative they thought was more accurate. The value given by the respondent was substituted for the calculated value when appropriate.] (HRTOTAL)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	46.90	18.68

48) 18a. Within the past 12 months, how often did you... a. Preach or serve as the principal worship leader during a religious service? (PREACH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	6	0.7
2) Twice	14	1.6
3) Several times but less than once a month	9	1.0
4) About once a month	21	2.3
5) Two to three times a month	46	5.2
6) Nearly every week	78	8.8
7) About once a week	354	40.0
8) Several times a week	358	40.4
Missing	8
Total	886	100.0

49) 18b. Within the past 12 months, how often did you... b. Lead a class or group of some sort within your congregation? (CLASS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	49	5.6
2) Twice	23	2.6
3) Several times but less than once a month	15	1.7
4) About once a month	35	4.0
5) Two to three times a month	97	11.1
6) Nearly every week	89	10.2
7) About once a week	335	38.3
8) Several times a week	234	26.7
Missing	12
Total	877	100.0

50) 18c. Within the past 12 months, how often did you... c. Visit people who are sick, in the hospital or another care facility, or housebound? (VISIT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	21	2.4
2) Twice	55	6.2
3) Several times but less than once a month	58	6.6
4) About once a month	130	14.6
5) Two to three times a month	144	16.2
6) Nearly every week	64	7.2
7) About once a week	211	23.8
8) Several times a week	204	23.0
Missing	8
Total	887	100.0

51) 18d. Within the past 12 months, how often did you... d. Engage in pastoral counseling, spiritual direction, or offer other kinds of guidance or advice in a private setting, not including meetings with other congregational staff? (COUNSEL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	16	1.8
2) Twice	29	3.3
3) Several times but less than once a month	63	7.2
4) About once a month	127	14.4
5) Two to three times a month	145	16.4
6) Nearly every week	114	12.9
7) About once a week	140	15.9
8) Several times a week	251	28.4
Missing	11
Total	885	100.0

52) 19a. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... a. Congregations other than your own? (COTHCONG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	638	71.8
2) No	250	28.1
Missing	11
Total	888	100.0

53) 19b. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... b. An office or program of your denomination or religious group? (CDEN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	589	67.8
2) No	279	32.1
Missing	17
Total	868	100.0

54) 19c. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... c. An office or program of a denomination or religious group other than your own? (COTHDEN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	428	49.4
2) No	438	50.6
Missing	33
Total	866	100.0

55) 19d. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... d. A nonprofit or social service organization? (CNONPRFT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	536	62.3
2) No	324	37.6
Missing	27
Total	860	100.0

56) 19e. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... e. A public elementary, middle, or high school? (CPUBSCHL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	254	29.4
2) No	609	70.6
Missing	42
Total	863	100.0

57) 19f. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... f. A religious or other private elementary, middle, or high school? (CPRVSCHL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	178	20.6
2) No	684	79.4
Missing	31
Total	862	100.0

58) 19g. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... g. A college or university? (CCOLLEGE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	178	20.7
2) No	683	79.4
Missing	35
Total	861	100.0

59) 19h. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... h. A seminary or theological school? (CSEM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	196	22.8
2) No	666	77.3
Missing	36
Total	862	100.0

60) 19i. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... i. A business? (CBIZ)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	249	28.9
2) No	610	71.0
Missing	39
Total	859	100.0

61) 19j. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... j. A hospital? (CHOSP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	201	23.3
2) No	661	76.7
Missing	39
Total	862	100.0

62) 19k. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... k. A local, state, or federal government agency or program? (CGOV)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	246	28.7
2) No	610	71.3
Missing	37
Total	856	100.0

63) 19l. Within the past 12 months, in your role as a religious leader, have you personally collaborated on any sort of event, program, or project with... l. An advocacy organization? (CADVOC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	346	39.5
2) No	530	60.5
Missing	29
Total	876	100.0

64) 20. On the whole, how satisfied are you with the work you do as a religious leader? (WORKSAT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not satisfied at all	4	0.5
2) Only a little satisfied	21	2.3
3) Moderately satisfied	282	31.8
4) Very satisfied	581	65.4
Missing	5
Total	888	100.0

65) 21. In the past 12 months, how often, if ever, have you considered leaving congregational work to do some other sort of religious work? (LVCNGWRK)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	473	53.5
2) Once in a while	315	35.6
3) Fairly often	67	7.6
4) Very often	30	3.4
Missing	12
Total	885	100.0

66) 22. In the past 12 months, how often, if ever, have you considered leaving congregational work to do something that does not involve religious work? (LVRELWRK)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	581	65.8
2) Once in a while	227	25.6
3) Fairly often	60	6.8
4) Very often	16	1.8
Missing	11
Total	884	100.0

67) 23. Which statement comes closest to expressing what you believe about God? [This item is nearly identical to the GOD item on the General Social Survey.] (GOD)

	TOTAL	%
1) I know God really exists, and I have no doubts about it	777	87.5
2) While I have doubts, I do believe in God	81	9.1
3) I find myself believing in God some of the time, but not at others	9	1.0
4) I don't believe in a personal God, but I do believe in a higher power of some kind	18	2.0
5) I don't know whether there is a God, and I don't believe there is any way to find out	1	0.1
6) I don't believe in God	2	0.3
Missing	7
Total	888	100.0

68) 24. How often, if ever, do you have doubts about your religious faith? (DOUBT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	617	69.9
2) Sometimes	246	27.8
3) Frequently	13	1.5
4) All the time	4	0.5
5) I do not have a religious faith	3	0.3
Missing	10
Total	883	100.0

69) 25a. Do you believe in... a. Life after death? (POSTLIFE)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	6	0.7
2) No, probably not	5	0.6
3) Not sure	43	4.9
4) Yes, probably	50	5.7
5) Yes, definitely	777	88.1
Missing	12
Total	881	100.0

70) 25b. Do you believe in... b. Heaven? (HEAVEN)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	19	2.2
2) No, probably not	12	1.4
3) Not sure	43	4.9
4) Yes, probably	52	5.8
5) Yes, definitely	758	85.7
Missing	12
Total	884	100.0

71) 25c. Do you believe in... c. Hell? (HELL)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	66	7.6
2) No, probably not	63	7.2
3) Not sure	50	5.7
4) Yes, probably	32	3.7
5) Yes, definitely	661	75.8
Missing	17
Total	872	100.0

72) 25. Do you believe in... d. Miraculous healing? (MIRAHEAL)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	11	1.3
2) No, probably not	25	2.8
3) Not sure	45	5.0
4) Yes, probably	105	11.9
5) Yes, definitely	701	79.0
Missing	14
Total	887	100.0

73) 25e. Do you believe in... e. God giving financial wealth and good physical health to those with enough faith? (PROSPER)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	379	43.1
2) No, probably not	139	15.8
3) Not sure	65	7.4
4) Yes, probably	86	9.8
5) Yes, definitely	210	23.9
Missing	29
Total	879	100.0

74) 25f. Do you believe in... f. Reincarnation (that people will be reborn in this world again and again)? (REINCAR)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	691	78.5
2) No, probably not	71	8.0
3) Not sure	51	5.8
4) Yes, probably	14	1.6
5) Yes, definitely	53	6.0
Missing	21
Total	880	100.0

75) 25g. Do you believe in... g. Astrology (that the position of the stars/planets can affect people's lives)? (ASTROL)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	658	75.1
2) No, probably not	92	10.6
3) Not sure	59	6.8
4) Yes, probably	28	3.2
5) Yes, definitely	39	4.4
Missing	25
Total	876	100.0

76) 25h. Do you believe in... h. Jesus' bodily resurrection? [This item was asked only of respondents from Christian congregations.] (RESURECT)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	6	0.7
2) No, probably not	11	1.4
3) Not sure	17	2.2
4) Yes, probably	35	4.4
5) Yes, definitely	718	91.2
Missing	89
Total	787	100.0

77) 25i. Do you believe in... i. Adam and Eve as literal historical people? [This item was asked only of respondents from Christian congregations.] (ADAMEVE)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	123	15.0
2) No, probably not	53	6.5
3) Not sure	29	3.6
4) Yes, probably	52	6.3
5) Yes, definitely	563	68.7
Missing	63
Total	820	100.0

78) 26. Which of the following comes closest to your personal beliefs about the Bible? [This item was only asked of respondents from Christian congregations.] (BIBLE)

	TOTAL	%
1) The Bible is the actual word of God and is to be taken literally, word for word.	139	17.1
2) The Bible is the inspired word of God, without errors. Some parts are meant to be symbolic, but all of it applies today.	439	54.3
3) The Bible is the inspired word of God that still speaks to us today, but not all of it is historically accurate, and some parts reflect the culture in which it was written and do not apply today.	219	27.1
4) The Bible is not the inspired word of God, but its stories and wisdom contain much that is true and relevant today.	11	1.4
5) The Bible contains a mix of legends, stories, and moral precepts with little relevance for today.	0	0.0
Missing	74
Total	808	100.0

79) 27a. In the past month, how often have you... a. Said a prayer before or after a meal? (GRACE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	10	1.2
2) Sometimes, but less than once a week	52	5.8
3) Once a week	6	0.7
4) Two or three times a week, but not every day	52	5.9
5) Every day	262	29.5
6) More than once a day	505	56.9
Missing	13
Total	887	100.0

80) 27b. In the past month, how often have you... b. Prayed or meditated when you were by yourself, not including praying before or after a meal? (PRAYSOLO)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	1	0.1
2) Sometimes, but less than once a week	3	0.3
3) Once a week	15	1.7
4) Two or three times a week, but not every day	82	9.2
5) Every day	361	40.7
6) More than once a day	426	48.0
Missing	12
Total	888	100.0

81) 28a. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements? a. All the great religions of the world are equally good and true. (ALLTRUE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	483	54.5
2) Mainly disagree	113	12.7
3) Slightly disagree	43	4.8
4) Neither agree nor disagree	72	8.1
5) Slightly agree	42	4.7
6) Mainly agree	79	8.9
7) Completely agree	54	6.0
Missing	21
Total	886	100.0

82) 28b. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements? b. My religion would be the best one for all people no matter their background or current religion. (MINEBEST)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	96	10.9
2) Mainly disagree	41	4.7
3) Slightly disagree	34	3.8
4) Neither agree nor disagree	87	9.9
5) Slightly agree	69	7.9
6) Mainly agree	147	16.7
7) Completely agree	407	46.2
Missing	35
Total	881	100.0

83) 28c. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements? c. It is important for me to try to persuade people in other religions to accept my religion instead of their own. (CONVERT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	158	17.9
2) Mainly disagree	62	7.0
3) Slightly disagree	60	6.8
4) Neither agree nor disagree	118	13.4
5) Slightly agree	58	6.6
6) Mainly agree	168	19.0
7) Completely agree	259	29.3
Missing	35
Total	883	100.0

84) 28d. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements? d. Ideally, people in my congregation should avoid developing close friendships with people who do not share their religious views. (NOFRIEND)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	481	54.6
2) Mainly disagree	166	18.9
3) Slightly disagree	57	6.5
4) Neither agree nor disagree	66	7.5
5) Slightly agree	38	4.3
6) Mainly agree	28	3.2
7) Completely agree	45	5.2
Missing	28
Total	881	100.0

85) 28e. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements? e. All religious leadership positions should be open to women. (LDRWOMEN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	156	17.7
2) Mainly disagree	47	5.4
3) Slightly disagree	52	5.8
4) Neither agree nor disagree	28	3.2
5) Slightly agree	65	7.4
6) Mainly agree	114	12.9
7) Completely agree	422	47.7
Missing	28
Total	884	100.0

86) 28f. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements? f. All religious leadership positions should be open to people regardless of their sexual orientation. (ORIENT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	450	51.0
2) Mainly disagree	82	9.3
3) Slightly disagree	18	2.0
4) Neither agree nor disagree	48	5.4
5) Slightly agree	26	2.9
6) Mainly agree	38	4.3
7) Completely agree	221	25.1
Missing	34
Total	883	100.0

87) 29. Would you perform the wedding of a same-sex couple if your religious group allowed it? (GAYMARRY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely not	587	66.3
2) Probably not	50	5.7
3) Not sure	38	4.3
4) Probably yes	33	3.7
5) Definitely yes	143	16.2
6) I am not credentialed to officiate weddings	34	3.8
Missing	29
Total	885	100.0

88) 31. In the past 12 months, in your professional role as a religious leader, has anyone come to you for help because they or a family member had what might be described as a mental illness? (MIHELP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	636	71.9
2) No	248	28.0
Missing	30
Total	884	100.0

89) 31a. How often did this happen in the past 12 months? [This item was asked only if the respondent reported being asked to help someone with mental illness (MIHELP = 1). MIHELP2 was set to 1 if a respondent reported that no one came to them in the past 12 months to get help with a mental illness (MIHELP = 2).] (MIHELP2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	248	28.2
2) Once or twice	258	29.4
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	217	24.8
4) About once a month	87	9.9
5) More than once a month	68	7.8
Missing	42
Total	878	100.0

90) 32a. In the past 12 months, how often have you... a. Encouraged someone to seek help from a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other mental health professional? (MIPSYCH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	202	23.0
2) Once or twice	372	42.2
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	162	18.4
4) About once a month	92	10.5
5) More than once a month	53	6.0
Missing	29
Total	881	100.0

91) 32b. In the past 12 months, how often have you... b. Preached a sermon that focused on mental illness? (MISERM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	460	52.3
2) Once or twice	318	36.2
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	75	8.6
4) About once a month	18	2.1
5) More than once a month	9	1.0
Missing	33
Total	880	100.0

92) 32c. In the past 12 months, how often have you... c. Led a prayer or healing service that focused on mental illness? (MIPRAY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	415	47.2
2) Once or twice	291	33.2
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	101	11.5
4) About once a month	35	3.9
5) More than once a month	37	4.2
Missing	33
Total	879	100.0

93) 32d. In the past 12 months, how often have you... d. Organized or led a class or study group that focused on mental illness? (MICLASS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	666	76.6
2) Once or twice	141	16.2
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	35	4.0
4) About once a month	18	2.1
5) More than once a month	10	1.2
Missing	34
Total	870	100.0

94) 32e. In the past 12 months, how often have you... e. Read a book, attended a class or seminar, or searched for resources on the internet about mental illness? (MILEARN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	244	27.8
2) Once or twice	355	40.3
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	169	19.3
4) About once a month	48	5.4
5) More than once a month	64	7.2
Missing	29
Total	880	100.0

95) 33. Below we describe a person you might encounter, followed by a few questions about what you think about this person. Please remember there are no right or wrong answers to these questions. We are interested in what you think might be going on with this person, and how you might respond to her. For the past month, a 40-year-old woman in your congregation has been feeling really down. She wakes up in the morning with a flat heavy feeling that sticks with her all day long. She isn't enjoying things the way she normally would. In fact, nothing gives her pleasure. Even when good things happen, they don't make her happy. She pushes on through her days, but it is really hard. The smallest tasks are difficult to accomplish. She finds it hard to concentrate on anything. She feels out of energy and out of steam. And even though she feels tired, when night comes, she can't go to sleep. She feels worthless and discouraged. How serious would you consider this person's problem to be? [This is an adapted version of a vignette used in the 2006 General Social Survey.] (SERIOUS)

	TOTAL	%
2) A little bit serious	28	3.2
3) Moderately serious	193	21.8
4) Very serious	663	75.0
Missing	31
Total	884	100.0

96) 34a. In your opinion how likely is it that this person's situation might be caused by... a. A chemical imbalance in her brain? (CHEM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	28	3.3
2) A little likely	150	17.3
3) Moderately likely	393	45.3
4) Very likely	295	34.1
Missing	66
Total	866	100.0

97) 34b. In your opinion how likely is it that this person's situation might be caused by... b. A genetic or inherited problem? (GENES)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	56	6.6
2) A little likely	298	34.9
3) Moderately likely	368	43.0
4) Very likely	133	15.5
Missing	78
Total	855	100.0

98) 34c. In your opinion how likely is it that this person's situation might be caused by... c. A traumatic experience? (TRAUMA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	20	2.3
2) A little likely	135	15.6
3) Moderately likely	449	52.1
4) Very likely	259	30.0
Missing	79
Total	863	100.0

99) 34d. In your opinion how likely is it that this person's situation might be caused by... d. A demon possession? (DEMON)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	413	47.9
2) A little likely	316	36.6
3) Moderately likely	93	10.7
4) Very likely	41	4.8
Missing	89
Total	863	100.0

100) 34e. In your opinion how likely is it that this person's situation might be caused by... e. Lack of community or social support? (NOSUPP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	62	7.2
2) A little likely	231	26.7
3) Moderately likely	372	43.1
4) Very likely	199	23.1
Missing	75
Total	864	100.0

101) 34f. In your opinion how likely is it that this person's situation might be caused by... f. Lack of faith? (NOFAITH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	280	32.4
2) A little likely	336	39.0
3) Moderately likely	163	18.8
4) Very likely	84	9.7
Missing	79
Total	863	100.0

102) 34g. In your opinion how likely is it that this person's situation might be caused by... g. Stressful circumstances in her life? (STRESS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	5	0.6
2) A little likely	58	6.6
3) Moderately likely	265	30.2
4) Very likely	548	62.6
Missing	54
Total	876	100.0

103) 35a. How likely are you to... a. Encourage this person to seek help from a mental health professional? (SEEKHELP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	25	2.9
2) A little likely	65	7.4
3) Moderately likely	164	18.6
4) Very likely	625	71.1
Missing	39
Total	879	100.0

104) 35b. How likely are you to... b. Encourage this person to take medicine for her condition if it was prescribed by a doctor? (TAKEMEDS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	35	4.0
2) A little likely	77	8.9
3) Moderately likely	222	25.4
4) Very likely	539	61.7
Missing	50
Total	873	100.0

105) 35c. How likely are you to... c. Encourage this person to address her situation through prayer, scripture study, or other religious activity? (RELIGACT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	60	6.9
2) A little likely	84	9.6
3) Moderately likely	127	14.5
4) Very likely	605	69.0
Missing	46
Total	876	100.0

106) 37. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? a. Astronomy. (DISASTRO)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	567	64.2
2) Once or twice	211	23.9
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	70	7.9
4) About once a month	23	2.6
5) More than once a month	13	1.4
Missing	41
Total	884	100.0

107) 37b. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? b. Climate change. (DISCLIMA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	402	45.7
2) Once or twice	271	30.8
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	81	9.3
4) About once a month	72	8.2
5) More than once a month	54	6.2
Missing	42
Total	880	100.0

108) 37c. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? c. Environmental science other than concerning climate change. (DISENVIR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	439	49.9
2) Once or twice	223	25.4
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	116	13.2
4) About once a month	68	7.7
5) More than once a month	33	3.7
Missing	46
Total	879	100.0

109) 37d. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? d. Human origins or evolution. (DISEVOLU)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	295	33.3
2) Once or twice	280	31.6
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	206	23.2
4) About once a month	71	8.1
5) More than once a month	33	3.7
Missing	36
Total	885	100.0

110) 37e. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation. e. Psychology or neuroscience. (DISPSYCH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	358	41.0
2) Once or twice	223	25.5
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	171	19.7
4) About once a month	75	8.6
5) More than once a month	45	5.1
Missing	59
Total	872	100.0

111) 37f. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? f. Results of surveys or public opinion polls. (DISPOLLS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	312	35.3
2) Once or twice	197	22.3
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	234	26.5
4) About once a month	90	10.2
5) More than once a month	50	5.7
Missing	42
Total	883	100.0

112) 37g. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? g. Stem cell research. (DISSTEM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	723	82.2
2) Once or twice	117	13.3
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	16	1.8
4) About once a month	5	0.5
5) More than once a month	18	2.0
Missing	46
Total	879	100.0

113) 37h. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? h. Vaccines. (DISVAX)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	607	70.6
2) Once or twice	162	18.9
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	56	6.5
4) About once a month	11	1.3
5) More than once a month	24	2.8
Missing	74
Total	860	100.0

114) 37i. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? i. Medical science concerning subjects other than stem cells or vaccines. (DISMED)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	474	55.1
2) Once or twice	171	19.9
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	136	15.8
4) About once a month	46	5.4
5) More than once a month	33	3.8
Missing	76
Total	860	100.0

115) 37j. In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you discussed any of the following in your sermons, teachings, writings, or other messages to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? j. Some other scientific issue. Please specify. [Respondents could name up to three additional issues. These open-ended responses were recoded into the issues asked about explicitly, if applicable. If respondents indicated that they discussed two or three issues beyond the ones asked about explicitly, DISOTH was set to whichever frequency was higher. DISOTH is missing when respondents did not report discussing any other issue.] (DISOTH)

	TOTAL	%
2) Once or twice	34	50.3
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	11	16.9
4) About once a month	20	29.7
5) More than once a month	2	2.8
Missing	1519
Total	67	100.0

116) 38a. We are interested in your views on the origins and development of the universe and life on Earth. Below are some statements on that subject. In your view, how likely is it that each is true or false? a. God created the world in six 24-hour days. (SIXDAYS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely false	206	23.9
2) Probably false	99	11.5
3) Not sure	94	10.9
4) Probably true	110	12.7
5) Definitely true	354	41.0
Missing	53
Total	863	100.0

117) 38b. We are interested in your views on the origins and development of the universe and life on Earth. Below are some statements on that subject. In your view, how likely is it that each is true or false? b. The Earth is less than 10,000 years old God. (YNGEARTH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely false	305	34.7
2) Probably false	113	12.9
3) Not sure	169	19.2
4) Probably true	121	13.8
5) Definitely true	171	19.4
Missing	56
Total	879	100.0

118) 38c. We are interested in your views on the origins and development of the universe and life on Earth. Below are some statements on that subject. In your view, how likely is it that each is true or false? c. God directly created humans through a miraculous process. (CREMIRAC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely false	80	9.2
2) Probably false	80	9.2
3) Not sure	39	4.5
4) Probably true	81	9.3
5) Definitely true	587	67.6
Missing	59
Total	867	100.0

119) 38d. We are interested in your views on the origins and development of the universe and life on Earth. Below are some statements on that subject. In your view, how likely is it that each is true or false? d. Humans evolved from non-human life forms. [This item is similar to the General Social Survey variable of the same name.] (EVOLVED)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely false	503	57.4
2) Probably false	76	8.6
3) Not sure	81	9.2
4) Probably true	108	12.3
5) Definitely true	107	12.2
Missing	58
Total	875	100.0

120) 38e. We are interested in your views on the origins and development of the universe and life on Earth. Below are some statements on that subject. In your view, how likely is it that each is true or false? e. All life, including humans, evolved over millions of years according to the design of God or an Intelligent Force. (GODEVOLV)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely false	358	41.4
2) Probably false	55	6.3
3) Not sure	82	9.5
4) Probably true	161	18.7
5) Definitely true	207	24.0
Missing	51
Total	863	100.0

121) 38f. We are interested in your views on the origins and development of the universe and life on Earth. Below are some statements on that subject. In your view, how likely is it that each is true or false? f. God or an Intelligent Force created the laws of nature, which led to the emergence of humans over millions of years of evolution, but without any guidance from God or an Intelligent Force. (LAWEVOLV)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely false	543	63.0
2) Probably false	110	12.8
3) Not sure	82	9.6
4) Probably true	67	7.8
5) Definitely true	59	6.8
Missing	60
Total	861	100.0

122) 38g. We are interested in your views on the origins and development of the universe and life on Earth. Below are some statements on that subject. In your view, how likely is it that each is true or false? g. All life, including humans, evolved over millions of years; no god or Intelligent Force was involved in either the creation or evolution of life. (EVNOGOD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Definitely false	694	80.6
2) Probably false	53	6.2
3) Not sure	72	8.4
4) Probably true	16	1.8
5) Definitely true	26	3.0
Missing	57
Total	861	100.0

123) 39. Which of the following statements best represents your opinion about climate change? (CLIMCHNG)

	TOTAL	%
1) The climate is changing, and human actions are a major cause of the change.	469	53.1
2) The climate is changing, but human actions are only a minor cause of the change.	235	26.6
3) The climate is changing, but not because of human actions.	118	13.4
4) The climate is not changing.	60	6.8
Missing	52
Total	882	100.0

124) 40. To what extent do you feel that scientific findings conflict with your religious beliefs? (SCICONFL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	350	39.7
2) A little bit	172	19.4
3) A moderate amount	167	18.9
4) Quite a bit	127	14.3
5) Very much	67	7.5
Missing	53
Total	883	100.0

125) 41. How important is it for your religious beliefs to be consistent with established scientific knowledge? (SCIRELIG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all important	280	31.8
2) A little important	208	23.6
3) Pretty important	240	27.3
4) Very important	152	17.2
Missing	67
Total	880	100.0

126) 42. How open are you to the possibility of changing your religious beliefs in light of new scientific findings? (RELICHNG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all open	497	56.8
2) A little bit open	172	19.6
3) Pretty open	134	15.3
4) Very open	73	8.4
Missing	65
Total	876	100.0

127) 43. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement: 'Most scientists are hostile to religion.' (SCIHOSTL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	102	11.5
2) Moderately disagree	104	11.7
3) Slightly disagree	100	11.3
4) Neither agree nor disagree	212	24.0
5) Slightly agree	144	16.3
6) Moderately agree	156	17.6
7) Completely agree	67	7.5
Missing	44
Total	885	100.0

128) 44a. Have you come across any research studies about... a. Character development or moral formation? (RESCHAR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	522	59.9
2) No	182	20.9
3) Maybe, but I'm not sure	168	19.3
Missing	58
Total	872	100.0

129) 44b. Have you come across any research studies about... b. How to forgive or the benefits of forgiveness? (RESFORGV)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	677	77.1
2) No	118	13.5
3) Maybe, but I'm not sure	83	9.4
Missing	54
Total	878	100.0

130) 44c. Have you come across any research studies about... c. How to be humble or the benefits of humility? (RESHMBL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	576	65.7
2) No	172	19.7
3) Maybe, but I'm not sure	128	14.7
Missing	59
Total	876	100.0

131) 44d. Have you come across any research studies about... d. How to be grateful or the benefits of gratitude? (RESGRAT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	674	76.6
2) No	135	15.3
3) Maybe, but I'm not sure	71	8.1
Missing	54
Total	880	100.0

132) 44e. Have you come across any research studies about... e. How to be generous or the benefits of generosity? (RESGENER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	609	69.3
2) No	160	18.2
3) Maybe, but I'm not sure	110	12.5
Missing	56
Total	879	100.0

133) 44f. Have you come across any research studies about... f. How to be self-controlled or the benefits of self-control? (RESCNTL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	587	67.0
2) No	155	17.7
3) Maybe, but I'm not sure	134	15.3
Missing	59
Total	876	100.0

134) 44g. Have you come across any research studies about... g. Prayer or meditation? (RESPRAY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	722	82.2
2) No	114	13.0
3) Maybe, but I'm not sure	42	4.8
Missing	56
Total	878	100.0

135) 45. Have you discussed any of these studies in a sermon, teaching, writing, or other message to your congregation, or as part of a class or group that you led within your congregation? [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they had come across research studies on at least one of the listed topics. If respondents indicated they had not come across research studies about any of the listed topics, RESDISC was set to 2. If the respondent indicated they may have come across these studies, but was unsure, RESDISC was left missing.] (RESDISC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	716	84.5
2) No	131	15.4
Missing	157
Total	847	100.0

136) 46. Within the past 12 months, have you visited anyone in your capacity as a congregational leader who was sick and very likely to die within six months? (VSTDYING)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	752	85.8
2) No	124	14.2
Missing	53
Total	876	100.0

137) 46a. Within the past 12 months, how often have you visited someone who was sick and very likely to die? [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they had visited someone who was very likely to die soon (VSTDYING = 1). VSTOFTN was set to 1 if a respondent reported they had not visited someone who was sick and very likely to die within the last 12 months (VSTDYING = 2).] (VSTOFTN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	124	14.2
2) Once or twice	132	15.1
3) More than once or twice, but less than monthly	323	36.9
4) About once a month	160	18.3
5) More than once a month	135	15.5
Missing	59
Total	874	100.0

138) 47a. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? a. In some circumstances, a patient should be allowed to die by withholding possible treatments. (ALLOWDIE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	145	16.6
2) Moderately disagree	26	2.9
3) Slightly disagree	20	2.3
4) Neither agree nor disagree	77	8.8
5) Slightly agree	80	9.2
6) Moderately agree	163	18.6
7) Completely agree	365	41.7
Missing	59
Total	876	100.0

139) 47a. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? b. In some circumstances, a patient should be allowed to end his or her own life by taking a physician-supplied overdose of drugs. (EUTHA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	521	59.4
2) Moderately disagree	61	7.0
3) Slightly disagree	31	3.5
4) Neither agree nor disagree	76	8.6
5) Slightly agree	28	3.2
6) Moderately agree	54	6.1
7) Completely agree	106	12.1
Missing	61
Total	877	100.0

140) 48a. If you were visiting someone with cancer, whom doctors say will die in six months or less, how likely are you to... a. Encourage them to hope for a miracle physical cure? (HOPEMIRA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	234	26.9
2) A little likely	176	20.2
3) Moderately likely	187	21.4
4) Very likely	274	31.4
Missing	78
Total	871	100.0

141) 48b. If you were visiting someone with cancer, whom doctors say will die in six months or less, how likely are you to... b. Encourage them to stop aggressive medical treatment and instead pursue care to minimize pain and make them as comfortable as possible in the time they have left? (PALIATIVE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all likely	352	40.6
2) A little likely	245	28.3
3) Moderately likely	176	20.3
4) Very likely	93	10.7
Missing	83
Total	866	100.0

142) 49. Seven-point scale of political party identification [This variable was constructed from answers to a set of questions about political identification. See the questionnaire for the exact questions. PARTYID7 was set to missing for respondents who indicated affiliation with a party other than the Republican or Democrats parties. PARTYID7 replicates the PARTYID variable on the General Social Survey.] (PARTYID7)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strong Democrat	240	29.1
2) Not very strong Democrat	80	9.7
3) Independent closer to Democratic Party	58	7.1
4) Independent closer to neither party	90	10.9
5) Independent closer to Republican Party	113	13.7
6) Not very strong Republican	68	8.3
7) Strong Republican	178	21.6
Missing	129
Total	827	100.0

143) 50. We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. Below is a seven-point scale on which the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself on this scale? [POLVIEWS replicates the General Social Survey variable of the same name.] (POLVIEWS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Extremely liberal	42	5.0
2) Liberal	113	13.3
3) Slightly liberal	66	7.7
4) Moderate, middle of the road	159	18.7
5) Slightly conservative	103	12.1
6) Conservative	233	27.4
7) Extremely conservative	132	15.5
Missing	86
Total	848	100.0

144) 51a. In the past two years, how often have you engaged in the following activities? a. Organized or led a group in your congregation to work on advancing a social or political goal. (POLGROUP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	609	70.4
2) Once or twice	149	17.2
3) More than twice	107	12.3
Missing	65
Total	865	100.0

145) 51b. In the past two years, how often have you engaged in the following activities? b. Took a stand on a controversial public issue while preaching, speaking, or writing to your congregation. (TOOKSTND)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	259	30.0
2) Once or twice	320	37.1
3) More than twice	285	32.9
Missing	64
Total	864	100.0

146) 51c. In the past two years, how often have you engaged in the following activities? c. Prayed out loud about a controversial political issue during a worship service at your congregation. (PRAYISSUE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	292	33.7
2) Once or twice	268	31.0
3) More than twice	307	35.4
Missing	65
Total	867	100.0

147) 51d. In the past two years, how often have you engaged in the following activities? d. Urged people in your congregation to vote. (URGEVOTE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	131	15.2
2) Once or twice	192	22.2
3) More than twice	540	62.6
Missing	63
Total	863	100.0

148) 51e. In the past two years, how often have you engaged in the following activities? e. Urged people in your congregation to get involved in some type of political action beyond voting. (URGEACT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	481	55.4
2) Once or twice	205	23.6
3) More than twice	182	21.0
Missing	73
Total	868	100.0

149) 51f. In the past two years, how often have you engaged in the following activities? f. Contacted or lobbied a public official in your capacity as a congregational leader. (LOBBIED)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	610	70.3
2) Once or twice	138	15.9
3) More than twice	119	13.7
Missing	79
Total	867	100.0

150) 51g. In the past two years, how often have you engaged in the following activities? g. Participated in a protest, march, or demonstration in your capacity as a congregational leader. (PROTEST)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	664	76.5
2) Once or twice	120	13.8
3) More than twice	83	9.6
Missing	73
Total	867	100.0

151) 51a1a. When you have been involved in these sorts of activities in your capacity as a congregational leader within the past two years, which of the following issues, if any, did those activities address? a. Abortion. [Items ACTABORT-ACTOTH were asked only if the respondent indicated involvement in any type of political activity beyond urging people to vote (i.e., if POLGROUP, TOOKSTND, PRAYISSUE, URGEACT, LOBBIED, or PROTEST = 2 or 3). Such respondents were shown a list of issues and asked to select all that applied. If respondents indicated no participation in any political activity beyond urging people to vote (i.e., if POLGROUP, TOOKSTND, PRAYISSUE, URGEACT, LOBBIED, and PROTEST = 1), items ACTABORT- ACTOTH were set to 2.] (ACTABORT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	365	43.9
2) Did not address	466	56.1
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

152) 51a1b. Capital punishment. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTCAPUN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	118	14.2
2) Did not address	713	85.8
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

153) 51a1c. Economic issues. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTECON)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	281	33.8
2) Did not address	550	66.1
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

154) 51a1d. Education. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTEDUC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	277	33.3
2) Did not address	554	66.6
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

155) 51a1e. Environmental issues. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTENVIR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	212	25.6
2) Did not address	618	74.5
Missing	146
Total	830	100.0

156) 51a1f. Foreign policy. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTFORGN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	92	11.1
2) Did not address	739	88.9
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

157) 51a1g. Gay, lesbian, or transgender issues. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTLGBT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	341	41.1
2) Did not address	489	59.0
Missing	146
Total	830	100.0

158) 51a1h. Gun laws. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTGUN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	218	26.2
2) Did not address	613	73.8
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

159) 51a1i. Health care. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTHEAL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	227	27.3
2) Did not address	604	72.7
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

160) 51a1j. Hunger or poverty. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTHUNGR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	343	41.4
2) Did not address	487	58.7
Missing	146
Total	830	100.0

161) 51a1k. Immigration. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTIMM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	293	35.2
2) Did not address	538	64.7
Missing	146
Total	831	100.0

162) 51a1l. Police-community relations. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTPOLIC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	226	27.3
2) Did not address	604	72.8
Missing	146
Total	830	100.0

163) 51a1m. Race relations. [See remarks for item ACTABORT.] (ACTRACE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Addressed	373	45.0
2) Did not address	457	55.1
Missing	146
Total	830	100.0

164) SA51a1n. Some other issue. Please specify: [See remarks for item ACTABORT. Up to three open-ended responses were coded into pre-existing categories (items ACTABORT-ACTOTH) when appropriate. If the respondent did not indicate that they engaged politically on some other issue, ACTOTH was left missing. It equals 1 for respondents who named at least one issue that did not correspond to one of the listed categories.] (ACTOTH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Mentioned another issue	67	100.3
Missing	1530
Total	67	100.0

165) 51a2. Have you ever endorsed or opposed a political candidate while preaching, speaking, or writing to your congregation? (ENDORSE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	76	8.9
2) No	778	91.1
Missing	67
Total	854	100.0

166) 51b1. Do you think you would endorse a candidate if tax laws allowed it? [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they had not endorsed a candidate while preaching, speaking, or writing to their congregation (ENDORSE = 2). It is missing for respondents who indicated they had endorsed a candidate (ENDORSE = 1).] (TAXENDRS)

	TOTAL	%
1) No, definitely not	246	31.8
2) No, probably not	240	31.0
3) I'm not sure	172	22.1
4) Yes, probably	76	9.8
5) Yes, definitely	41	5.3
Missing	170
Total	775	100.0

167) 52. When it comes to politics, how would you compare your own political views to those held by most people in your congregation? (POLCOMP)

	TOTAL	%
1) I am much more politically conservative	11	1.3
2) I am somewhat more politically conservative	103	12.4
3) I am about the same as most people in my congregation	507	61.0
4) I am somewhat more politically liberal	156	18.8
5) I am much more politically liberal	54	6.5
Missing	122
Total	831	100.0

168) 53. Did you vote in the 2016 presidential election? (VOTE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	815	93.7
2) No	49	5.7
3) Not sure	6	0.7
Missing	63
Total	870	100.0

169) 53a. Who did you vote for? [This item was asked only if the respondent indicated they voted in the 2016 presidential election (VOTE = 1). VOTEWHO was set to 5 for respondents who reported not voting (VOTE = 2).] (VOTEWHO)

	TOTAL	%
1) Hillary Clinton	299	35.0
2) Donald Trump	290	33.9
3) Someone else	65	7.6
4) I prefer not to say	151	17.7
5) Did not vote in the 2016 presidential election	49	5.8
Missing	85
Total	854	100.0

170) 54a. In a typical month, how often do you obtain information or resources for your work at [CONGREGATION NAME] from each of the following sources: a. Books other than the Bible or other sacred texts? (INFOBOOK)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	25	2.9
2) Once or twice	151	17.4
3) About once a week	169	19.4
4) Two or three times a week	219	25.3
5) Almost every day	179	20.7
6) Every day	125	14.4
Missing	62
Total	868	100.0

171) 54b. In a typical month, how often do you obtain information or resources for your work at [CONGREGATION NAME] from each of the following sources: b. Magazines or journals (either in print or online)? (INFOZINE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	99	11.4
2) Once or twice	231	26.7
3) About once a week	155	17.9
4) Two or three times a week	171	19.8
5) Almost every day	139	16.1
6) Every day	72	8.4
Missing	70
Total	867	100.0

172) 54c. In a typical month, how often do you obtain information or resources for your work at [CONGREGATION NAME] from each of the following sources: c. Websites? (INFOWEB)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	47	5.5
2) Once or twice	105	12.1
3) About once a week	148	17.1
4) Two or three times a week	221	25.5
5) Almost every day	180	20.7
6) Every day	167	19.3
Missing	68
Total	868	100.0

173) 54d. In a typical month, how often do you obtain information or resources for your work at [CONGREGATION NAME] from each of the following sources: d. Podcasts? (INFOPOD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	357	41.7
2) Once or twice	194	22.6
3) About once a week	124	14.4
4) Two or three times a week	85	9.9
5) Almost every day	57	6.7
6) Every day	40	4.6
Missing	85
Total	857	100.0

174) 54e. In a typical month, how often do you obtain information or resources for your work at [CONGREGATION NAME] from each of the following sources: e. Individuals or groups you follow on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, or other social media? (INFOSOC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	291	33.8
2) Once or twice	194	22.5
3) About once a week	129	14.9
4) Two or three times a week	64	7.5
5) Almost every day	87	10.1
6) Every day	97	11.2
Missing	74
Total	862	100.0

175) 55. How do you describe yourself? [To protect respondent identity, those who said something other than male or female are coded as missing along with those who did not answer.] (GENDER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Male	724	83.0
2) Female	149	17.0
Missing	64
Total	873	100.0

176) 56. What race or ethnicity are you? [Respondents were offered seven response categories: White, Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and other. They also were allowed to select more than one. Very few respondents selected more than category; those who did were coded into just one. Also, because of very small numbers in some categories, the seven original categories were collapsed into the four listed above.] (RACE)

	TOTAL	%
1) White/American Indian or Alaska Native (non-Hispanic)	567	65.2
2) Black or African American	227	26.1
3) Hispanic/Latino	52	6.0
4) Asian/Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	24	2.8
Missing	75
Total	870	100.0

177) 57. In what year were you born? [Original four-digit numerical responses were collapsed into decades.] (YEARBORN)

	TOTAL	%
1) 1930 to 1939	11	1.3
2) 1940 to 1949	72	8.4
3) 1950 to 1959	331	38.3
4) 1960 to 1969	253	29.3
5) 1970 to 1979	127	14.7
6) 1980 to 1989	68	7.9
7) 1990 to 1999	2	0.2
Missing	86
Total	864	100.0

178) 58b. Born in US/Canada or outside US/Canada [This item was constructed from answers to a pair of questions about place of birth. A full list of birth countries was collapsed into these categories to protect respondent identity. See the questionnaire for the exact questions.] (WHEREBRN)

	TOTAL	%
1) US or Canada	780	89.0
2) Other	97	11.0
Missing	59
Total	877	100.0

179) 60. Educational attainment [This item was constructed from responses to a set of questions about educational attainment. See the questionnaire for the exact questions. Respondents with an MDiv or equivalent professional ministerial degree are coded 5 even if they also have a 'higher' degree, such as a PhD or DMin.] (EDUC)

	TOTAL	%
1) No college or formal pastoral or ministerial training	46	5.3
2) Some formal pastoral or ministerial training (e.g., Bible College)	124	14.1
3) Bachelor's degree	193	22.0
4) Graduate degree (but not an MDiv or equivalent)	90	10.2
5) MDiv or equivalent	424	48.3
Missing	59
Total	877	100.0

180) 61. Are you currently attending a seminary, divinity or theological school, or engaged in some other kind of training for pastoral work? [This item was not asked if the respondent indicated they had a Master of Divinity or equivalent (EDUC = 5). If the respondent indicated they had a Master of Divinity or equivalent, ATSEM was left missing.] (ATSEM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	78	17.4
2) No	371	82.6
Missing	941
Total	449	100.0

181) 62. What is your current marital status? (MARSTAT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never married	100	11.4
2) Married	709	81.0
3) Divorced or separated	51	5.8
4) Widowed	15	1.7
Missing	61
Total	875	100.0

182) 62a. Are you currently in a committed romantic relationship? [This item was asked only of respondents who were not currently married (MARSTAT = 1, 3, or 4). ROMANCE is missing for currently married respondents (MARSTAT = 2). (ROMANCE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	22	13.4
2) No	143	86.8
Missing	1178
Total	165	100.0

183) 63. Number of children living at home (Number) [This item was constructed from a pair of questions. See the questionnaire for the exact questions.] (NUMKID)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	871	0.88	1.41

184) 64. In general, would you say your health is: [This item is widely used in health research. It is included in major surveys such as the General Social Survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the National Health Interview Survey.] (HEALTH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Excellent	177	20.2
2) Very good	357	40.8
3) Good	295	33.7
4) Fair	44	5.1
5) Poor	2	0.2
Missing	60
Total	875	100.0

185) 65. To what extent do you feel truly cared for by people in your congregation? (CAREDFOR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	18	2.0
2) A little bit	29	3.3
3) A moderate amount	158	18.1
4) Quite a bit	225	25.8
5) Very much	443	50.7
Missing	67
Total	873	100.0

186) 66a. Over the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by... Little interest or pleasure in doing things. [This item and item 66b (DEPRESS) together constitute the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). The PHQ-2 is a validated subset of the nine-item PHQ-9, which is included in major surveys such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey. For more about the validity of the PHQ-2, see Kurt Kroenke, 'The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a Two-Item Depression Screener,' Medical Care 41(2003): 1284-1294, or Brooke Levis et al., 'Accuracy of the PHQ-2 Alone and in Combination With the PHQ-9 for Screening to Detect Major Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,' The Journal of the American Medical Association 323(2020): 2290-2230.] (LACKINT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	720	82.6
2) Several days	126	14.5
3) More than half the days	18	2.0
4) Nearly every day	7	0.9
Missing	67
Total	871	100.0

187) 66b. Feeling down, depressed or hopeless. [This item and item 66a (LACKINT) together constitute the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). The PHQ-2 is a validated subset of the nine-item PHQ-9, which is included in major surveys such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey. For more about the validity of the PHQ-2, see Kurt Kroenke, 'The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a Two-Item Depression Screener,' Medical Care 41(2003): 1284-1294, or Brooke Levis et al., 'Accuracy of the PHQ-2 Alone and in Combination With the PHQ-9 for Screening to Detect Major Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,' The Journal of the American Medical Association 323(2020): 2290-2230.] (DEPRESS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not at all	684	78.8
2) Several days	160	18.5
3) More than half the days	17	2.0
4) Nearly every day	7	0.8
Missing	70
Total	868	100.0

188) 67a. During the past month, how often did you feel... Happy? [This item and item 67b (SATLIFE) together constitute the Mental Health Continuum- Short Form (MHC-SF). The MHC-SF was used in the 'Midlife in the United States' (MIDUS) national survey. For more information see C. L. M. Keyes, 'The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life,' Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43(2002):207- 222.] (HAPPY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	0	0.0
2) Once or twice	9	1.0
3) About once a week	11	1.2
4) Two to three times a week	121	13.9
5) Almost every day	403	46.2
6) Every day	328	37.6
Missing	71
Total	872	100.0

189) 67b. Satisfied with life? [This item and item 67a (HAPPY) together constitute the Mental Health Continuum- Short Form (MHC-SF). The MHC-SF was used in the 'Midlife in the United States' (MIDUS) national survey. For more information see C. L. M. Keyes, 'The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life,' Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43(2002):207- 222.] (SATLIFE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	10	1.1
2) Once or twice	7	0.8
3) About once a week	8	0.9
4) Two to three times a week	106	12.2
5) Almost every day	318	36.5
6) Every day	422	48.5
Missing	70
Total	871	100.0

190) 68. To what extent do you agree with this statement: 'In most ways my life is close to my ideal.' [This question is from 'The Satisfaction with Life Scale.' For more information about that scale, see E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larsen, and S. Griffin, 'The Satisfaction with Life Scale,' Journal of Personality Assessment 49(1985):71-75.] (LIFEGOOD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely disagree	22	2.6
2) Moderately disagree	21	2.4
3) Slightly disagree	36	4.1
4) Neither agree nor disagree	56	6.6
5) Slightly agree	125	14.6
6) Moderately agree	409	47.7
7) Completely agree	190	22.1
Missing	70
Total	859	100.0

191) 69. Body Mass Index (Numerical value) [Respondents were asked their height and weight. See the questionnaire for the exact questions. BMI was calculated as weight (in kilograms) / height2 (in meters).] (BMI)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	835	29.63	5.72

192) 70. Body Mass Index (categories) [This variable was constructed using the numerical values in BMI, with categories defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ('Defining Adult Overweight & Obesity,' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 June 2021, https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/adult-defining.html.).] (BMICAT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Underweight (BMI less than 18.5)	1	0.1
2) Healthy Weight (BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 and BMI less than 25.0)	166	19.9
3) Overweight (BMI greater than or equal to 25.0 and BMI less than 30.0)	314	37.6
4) Obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30.0)	354	42.4
Missing	143
Total	835	100.0

193) 71. What is your current annual salary for your work at [CONGREGATION NAME], including compensation that might be designated as a housing allowance? (Amount in dollars) [This item was asked only of respondents who were paid by their congregation (PAID = 1). Respondents were asked for an exact dollar value. If they did not offer a dollar value, they were asked to pick one of these categories. Respondents who offered exact responses were included in the appropriate category. If the respondent reported not being paid by their congregation (PAID = 2), CONGSAL was left missing.] (CONGSAL)

	TOTAL	%
1) $0 to $9,999	64	9.0
2) $10,000 to $14,999	50	7.1
3) $15,000 to $19,999	56	8.0
4) $20,000 to $24,999	56	7.9
5) $25,000 to $34,999	80	11.4
6) $35,000 to $49,999	148	21.0
7) $50,000 to $74,999	128	18.2
8) $75,000 to $99,999	94	13.3
9) $100,000 to $124,999	15	2.2
10) $125,000 to $149,999	9	1.2
11) $150,000 to $174,999	2	0.2
12) $175,000 to $199,999	1	0.1
13) $200,000 or more	2	0.3
Missing	242
Total	705	100.0

194) 72. Are you currently living rent-free in a parsonage, manse, rectory, or other living arrangement provided by your congregation, denomination, or some other organization? (CONGLIVE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	185	21.3
2) No	684	78.7
Missing	72
Total	869	100.0

195) 73. In the past 12 months, did you receive personal income from sources other than [CONGREGATION NAME], such as from another job, a retirement account, investment income, fees from weddings or funerals, or other sources? (OTHINC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	648	75.1
2) No	214	24.8
Missing	88
Total	862	100.0

196) 73a. How much income did you receive from these other sources in the past 12 months before taxes? (Amount in dollars) [This item was asked only of respondents with income from other sources (OTHINC = 1). Respondents were asked for an exact dollar value. If they did not offer a dollar value, they were asked to pick one of these categories. Respondents who offered exact responses were included in the appropriate category.] (OTHAMT)

	TOTAL	%
0) $0	214	27.9
1) $1 to $9,999	274	35.6
2) $10,000 to $14,999	41	5.4
3) $15,000 to $19,999	27	3.6
4) $20,000 to $24,999	39	5.1
5) $25,000 to $34,999	23	3.0
6) $35,000 to $49,999	51	6.6
7) $50,000 to $74,999	59	7.6
8) $75,000 to $99,999	13	1.8
9) $100,000 to $124,999	6	0.8
10) $125,000 to $149,999	5	0.7
11) $150,000 to $174,999	3	0.3
12) $175,000 to $199,999	5	0.6
13) $200,000 or more	8	1.0
Missing	202
Total	768	100.0

197) 74. Still thinking about the past 12 months, what was your total household income, from all sources, before taxes? (Amount in dollars) [Respondents were asked for an exact dollar value. If they did not offer a dollar value, they were asked to pick one of these categories. Respondents who offered exact responses were included in the appropriate category.] (HHINCOME)

	TOTAL	%
1) $0 to $9,999	40	5.6
2) $10,000 to $14,999	9	1.3
3) $15,000 to $19,999	25	3.5
4) $20,000 to $24,999	4	0.6
5) $25,000 to $34,999	34	4.7
6) $35,000 to $49,999	103	14.5
7) $50,000 to $74,999	191	26.9
8) $75,000 to $99,999	129	18.1
9) $100,000 to $124,999	47	6.6
10) $125,000 to $149,999	48	6.8
11) $150,000 to $174,999	43	6.1
12) $175,000 to $199,999	15	2.0
13) $200,000 or more	22	3.0
Missing	356
Total	710	100.0

198) 75. Did you take out any student loans to help pay for your own education? (STULOAN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	380	43.8
2) No	488	56.2
Missing	75
Total	868	100.0

199) 75a. How much overall did you borrow in student loans to help pay for your own education? (Amount in dollars) [This item was asked only of respondents who had taken student loans (STULOAN = 1). Respondents were asked for an exact dollar value. If they did not offer a dollar value, they were asked to pick one of these categories. Respondents who offered exact responses were included in the appropriate category.] (LOANAMT)

	TOTAL	%
0) $0	488	59.6
1) $1 to $9,999	71	8.7
2) $10,000 to $14,999	58	7.1
3) $15,000 to $19,999	20	2.5
4) $20,000 to $24,999	30	3.6
5) $25,000 to $34,999	24	2.9
6) $35,000 to $49,999	48	5.9
7) $50,000 to $74,999	26	3.1
8) $75,000 to $99,999	12	1.4
9) $100,000 to $124,999	10	1.2
10) $125,000 to $149,999	5	0.6
11) $150,000 to $174,999	5	0.6
12) $175,000 to $199,999	1	0.2
13) $200,000 or more	21	2.6
Missing	140
Total	819	100.0

200) 75b. So far as you and your family are concerned, how satisfied would you say that you are with your present financial situation? (FINSATIS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Not satisfied at all	115	13.2
2) More or less satisfied	360	41.7
3) Pretty well satisfied	390	45.1
Missing	77
Total	865	100.0

201) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 1. Challenges regarding respondent well-being, including health, stress, finances, and burnout. [Free-form open-ended responses to this question were coded into a series of dichotomous variables, each of which indicates whether a respondent mentioned a challenge of that sort. Respondents might mention several challenges, and particular challenges might be coded 1 on more than one of these variables.] (CHALWELL)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	601	89.6
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	70	10.5
Missing	472
Total	671	100.0

202) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 2. Challenges regarding incorporating technology into congregational worship and functioning. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALTECH)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	665	98.9
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	7	1.0
Missing	472
Total	672	100.0

203) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 3. Challenges regarding racial issues, whether within the congregation or in the larger community or society. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALRACE)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	635	94.7
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	36	5.4
Missing	472
Total	671	100.0

204) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 4. Challenges regarding navigating LGBTQ issues. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALLGBT)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	669	99.8
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	2	0.3
Missing	472
Total	671	100.0

205) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 5. Challenges regarding leadership transitions within the congregation, including retirement, new leaders, or new co-workers. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALLEAD)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	657	98.0
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	14	2.1
Missing	472
Total	671	100.0

206) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 6. Challenges regarding generational change in the congregation, including aging congregations and struggles engaging teens and young adults. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALGEN)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	596	88.9
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	75	11.2
Missing	472
Total	671	100.0

207) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 7. Challenges regarding congregational finances. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALCASH)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	573	85.2
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	99	14.7
Missing	472
Total	672	100.0

208) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 8. Challenges regarding being a female pastor at the congregation. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALFEM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	667	99.2
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	5	0.7
Missing	472
Total	672	100.0

209) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 9. Challenges regarding congregation facilities, including updates, repairs, and expansions. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALFACIL)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	606	90.3
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	65	9.8
Missing	472
Total	671	100.0

210) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 10. Challenges regarding the congregation's denomination or denominational leaders. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALDENOM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	652	97.2
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	19	2.9
Missing	472
Total	671	100.0

211) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 11. Challenges regarding COVID-19 and its impact on the congregation. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALCOVID)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	642	95.5
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	30	4.4
Missing	472
Total	672	100.0

212) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 12. Challenges regarding commitment to religion in either the congregation or the wider society, including lack of faith vitality among parishioners, struggles recruiting new members, shrinking congregational attendance, societal secularization, and cultural trends that cause individuals distress or problems. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALCOMIT)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	338	50.2
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	334	49.7
Missing	472
Total	672	100.0

213) 77. Please tell us the most important practical challenge(s) you currently face in your work at [CONGREGATION NAME]. 13. Any other challenge. [See remarks for item CHALWELL.] (CHALOTH)

	TOTAL	%
0) No challenge of this type named	576	85.7
1) Mentions at least one challenge of this type	96	14.2
Missing	472
Total	672	100.0

214) [These items contain information about the congregation that the NSRL respondent serves. They are taken from the 2018-2019 National Congregations Study (NCS-IV), but collapsed into fewer categories to protect respondent identity. See the NCS codebook for more information about each of these variables.] 78. Region in which congregation is located [This is a collapsed version of REGION in the NCS data. See Statistical Abstracts (any edition), U.S. Bureau of the Census, for a list of states within regions.] (CONG_REGION)

	TOTAL	%
1) New England or Mid-Atlantic	118	13.3
2) East North Central or West North Central	235	26.5
3) South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	405	45.6
4) Mountain or Pacific	131	14.8
Total	889	100.0

215) 79. Number of adults - people 18 years or older - who regularly participate in the religious life of the congregation [This is a collapsed version of NUMADLTS in the NCS data. These categories correspond to the distinctions between family, pastoral, program, corporate, and large corporate congregations developed Arlin Routhage, Sizing Up a Congregation for New Member Ministry by Arlin Rothauge (New York: The Episcopal Church Center, 1986). See the NCS codebook for more information about NUMADLTS.] (CONG_SIZE)

	TOTAL	%
1) 50 or fewer	456	51.2
2) 51 to 150	284	31.9
3) 151 to 350	100	11.2
4) 351 to 1000	39	4.4
5) 1001 or more	11	1.3
Total	890	100.0

216) 81. Racial composition [This variable was constructed using WHITEPCT, BLACKPCT, LATINPCT, ASIANPCT, and OTHPCT in the NCS data. See the NCS codebook for more information about these variables.] (CONG_RACE)

	TOTAL	%
1) At least 80 percent white	481	54.4
2) At least 80 percent Black	195	22.1
3) At least 80 percent Hispanic	40	4.5
4) At least 80 percent other race	27	3.1
5) No group is at least 80 percent of the congregation	141	16.0
Missing	23
Total	884	100.0

217) 80. Religious tradition of corresponding NCS congregation [CONG_TRAD corresponds to TRAD3 in the NCS data. 'Black Protestant' (CONG_TRAD=3) means that a congregation is affiliated with one of the seven major denominations that are predominantly African American or that the congregation is Protestant with a membership that is at least 80% African American (CONG_RACE = 2). See the NCS codebook for more details about how TRAD3 is constructed.] (CONG_TRAD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Roman Catholic	54	6.1
2) White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	384	43.2
3) Black Protestant	192	21.6
4) White liberal or moderate	183	20.6
6) Non-Christian	76	8.6
Total	889	100.0

218) 82. Data collection mode (MODE_NSRL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Self-administered online questionnaire	611	68.7
2) Telephone interview	130	14.6
3) Self-administered paper questionnaire	149	16.7
Total	890	100.0

219) 83. Length of self-administered online questionnaire or telephone interview. (Number of minutes) [This value is missing for data collected via a telephone interview or via a self- administered hard copy questionnaire (MODE_NSRL=2,3).] (DURATION)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	741	44.43	20.02

220) 84. Survey date. (MM/DD/YY) (SURVEYDATE)
221) 85. Survey year. (Four-digit year.) [This variable was constructed from SURVEYDATE.] (SURVEYYEAR)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	2,019.29	0.45

222) 86. Data gathered after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. [This variable is coded 1 for surveys completed on or after 11 March 2020, the first day that an NSRL respondent noted that COVID-19 was a challenge facing their congregation in response to item 77.] (COVID)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	159	17.9
2) No	731	82.1
Total	890	100.0

223) 87. Weight for all religious leaders (primary and non-primary), ignoring GSS nominations of duplicate congregations. This weight allows users to analyze the data at the congregation level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_ALL_IGN)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	4.08	4.18

224) 88. Weight for all religious leaders (primary and non-primary), taking account of duplicate nominations. This weight allows users to analyze the data at the congregation level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_ALL_DUP)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	4.24	4.19

225) 89. Weight for all religious leaders (primary and non-primary), which allows users to analyze the data at the attendee level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_ALL_ATTENDEE)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	0.70	0.52

226) 90. Weight for all primary religious leaders, ignoring GSS nominations of duplicate congregations. This weight allows users to analyze the data at the congregation level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_PRIMARY_IGN)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	3.99	4.10

227) 91. Weight for all primary religious leaders, taking account of duplicate nominations. This weight allows users to analyze the data at the congregation level. Most analysts for most purposes probably will want to use this weight. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_PRIMARY_DUP)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1,600	0.56	1.43

228) 92. Weight for all primary religious leaders, which allows users to analyze the data at the attendee level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_PRIMARY_ATTENDEE)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	1.40	1.04

229) 93. Weight for all non-primary religious leaders, ignoring GSS nominations of duplicate congregations. This weight allows users to analyze the data at the congregation level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_NONP_IGN)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	0.00	0.00

230) 94. Weight for all non-primary religious leaders, taking account of duplicate nominations. This weight allows users to analyze the data at the congregation level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_NONP_DUP)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	0.00	0.00

231) 95. Weight for all non-primary religious leaders, which allows users to analyze the data at the attendee level. [See Appendix A for details.] (WT_NSRL_NONP_ATTENDEE)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	890	0.00	0.00

232) 55. How do you describe yourself? [To protect respondent identity, those who said something other than male or female are coded as missing along with those who did not answer.] (for use with online analysis) (I-GENDER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Male	724	83.0
2) Female	149	17.0
Missing	64
Total	873	100.0

233) 56. What race or ethnicity are you? [Respondents were offered seven response categories: White, Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and other. They also were allowed to select more than one. Very few respondents selected more than category; those who did were coded into just one. Also, because of very small numbers in some categories, the seven original categories were collapsed into the four listed above.] (for use with online analysis) (I-RACE)

	TOTAL	%
1) White/American Indian or Alaska Native (non-Hispanic)	567	65.2
2) Black or African American	227	26.1
3) Hispanic/Latino	52	6.0
4) Asian/Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	24	2.8
Missing	75
Total	870	100.0

234) 50. We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. Below is a seven-point scale on which the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself on this scale? [POLVIEWS replicates the General Social Survey variable of the same name.] (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-POLITICS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Liberal	221	26.0
2) Moderate, middle of the road	159	18.8
3) Conservative	467	55.2
Missing	86
Total	847	100.0

235) 60. Educational attainment [This item was constructed from responses to a set of questions about educational attainment. See the questionnaire for the exact questions. Respondents with an MDiv or equivalent professional ministerial degree are coded 5 even if they also have a 'higher' degree, such as a PhD or DMin.] (for use with online analysis) (I-EDUC)

	TOTAL	%
1) No college or formal pastoral or ministerial training	46	5.3
2) Some formal pastoral or ministerial training (e.g., Bible College)	124	14.1
3) Bachelor's degree	193	22.0
4) Graduate degree (but not an MDiv or equivalent)	90	10.2
5) MDiv or equivalent	424	48.3
Missing	59
Total	877	100.0

236) 74. Still thinking about the past 12 months, what was your total household income, from all sources, before taxes? (Amount in dollars) [Respondents were asked for an exact dollar value. If they did not offer a dollar value, they were asked to pick one of these categories. Respondents who offered exact responses were included in the appropriate category.] (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-INCOME)

	TOTAL	%
1) Less than $25,000	78	11.1
2) $25,000 to $49,999	136	19.3
3) $50,000 to $74,999	191	27.0
4) $75,000 to $99,999	129	18.2
5) $100,000 to $124,999	47	6.6
6) $125,000 or more	127	18.0
Missing	356
Total	708	100.0

237) 80. Religious tradition of corresponding NCS congregation [CONG_TRAD corresponds to TRAD3 in the NCS data. 'Black Protestant' (CONG_TRAD=3) means that a congregation is affiliated with one of the seven major denominations that are predominantly African American or that the congregation is Protestant with a membership that is at least 80% African American (CONG_RACE = 2). See the NCS codebook for more details about how TRAD3 is constructed.] (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-RELIGION)

	TOTAL	%
1) Roman Catholic	54	6.1
2) White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	384	43.2
3) Black Protestant	192	21.6
4) White liberal or moderate	183	20.6
5) Non-Christian	76	8.6
Total	889	100.0