Global Restrictions on Religion, 2007-2016 - Codebook

All frequencies are raw numbers (no weights used).

1) NATION_FK (NATION_FK)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	117.88	67.53

2) REGION5 (REGION5)
3) REGION6 (REGION6)
4) CTRY_EDITORIALNAME (CTRY_EDITORIALNAME)
5) QUESTION_YEAR (QUESTION_YEAR)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	2,011.51	2.87

6) Government Restrictions Index based on 20 indicators of ways that national and local governments restrict religion, including through coercion and force. [0 to 10, from lowest to highest level of government restrictions] (GRI)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	2.99	2.23

7) Social Hostilities Index based on 13 indicators of ways in which private individuals and social groups infringe upon religious beliefs and practices, including religiously biased crimes, mob violence and efforts to stop particular religious groups from growing or operating. [0 to 10, from lowest to highest level of social hostilities] (SHI)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	2.32	2.37

8) Does the constitution, or law that functions in the place of a constitution (basic law), specifically provide for 'freedom of religion' or include language used in Article 18 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights? [0= Yes; 0.50= The constitution or basic law does not specifically provide for freedom of religion but does protect some religious practices; 1.00= No] (GRI_Q_1)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.15	0.27

9) Does the constitution or basic law include stipulations that appear to qualify or substantially contradict the concept of 'religious freedom'? [0= No; 0.33= Yes, there is a qualification; 0.67=Yes, there is a substantial contradiction and only some religious practices are protected; 1.00= Religious freedom is not provided in the first place] (GRI_Q_2)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.48	0.28

10) Taken together, how do the constitution/basic law and other national laws and policies affect religious freedom? [0= National laws and policies provide for religious freedom, and the national government respects religious freedom in practice; 0.33= National laws and policies provide for religious freedom, and the national government generally respects religious freedom in practice; but there are some instances (e.g., in certain localities) where religious freedom is not respected in practice; 0.67= There are limited national legal protections for religious freedom, but the national government does not generally respect religious freedom in practice; 1.00= National laws and policies do not provide for religious freedom and the national government does not respect religious freedom in practice] (GRI_Q_3)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.31	0.29

11) Does any level of government interfere with worship or other religious practices? [0= No; 0.33= Yes, in a few cases; 0.67= Yes, in many cases; 1.00= Government prohibits worship or religious practices of one or more religious groups as a general policy] (GRI_Q_4)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.47	0.40

12) Is public preaching by religious groups limited by any level of government? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, for some religious groups; 1.00= Yes, for all religious groups] (GRI_Q_5)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.23	0.36

13) Is proselytizing limited by any level of government? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, for some religious groups; 1.00= Yes, for all religious groups] (GRI_Q_6)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.24	0.36

14) Is converting from one religion to another limited by any level of government? (GRI_Q_7)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		80.2
1) Yes		19.8
Total	1976	100.0

15) Is religious literature or broadcasting limited by any level of government? (GRI_Q_8)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		58.6
1) Yes		41.4
Total	1976	100.0

16) Are foreign missionaries allowed to operate? [0= Yes; 0.50= Yes, but with restrictions; 1.00= No] (GRI_Q_9)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.23	0.29

17) Is the wearing of religious symbols, such as head coverings for women and facial hair for men, regulated by law or by any level of government? (GRI_Q_10)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		75.7
1) Yes		24.3
Total	1976	100.0

18) Was there harassment or intimidation of religious groups by any level of government? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, there was limited intimidation; 1.00= Yes, there was widespread intimidation] (GRI_Q_11)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.53	0.43

19) Was there harassment or intimidation of Christians by any level of government? (GRI_Q_11_CHRISTIANITY)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		56.5
1) Yes		43.5
Total	1976	100.0

20) Was there harassment or intimidation of Muslims by any level of government? (GRI_Q_11_ISLAM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		58.0
1) Yes		42.0
Total	1976	100.0

21) Was there harassment or intimidation of Buddhists by any level of government? (GRI_Q_11_BUDDHISM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		96.0
1) Yes		4.0
Total	1976	100.0

22) Was there harassment or intimidation of Hindus by any level of government? (GRI_Q_11_HINDUISM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		94.1
1) Yes		5.9
Total	1976	100.0

23) Was there harassment or intimidation of Jews by any level of government? (GRI_Q_11_JUDAISM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		85.5
1) Yes		14.5
Total	1976	100.0

24) Was there harassment or intimidation of adherents of folk religions by any level of government? (GRI_Q_11_FOLK_RELIGIONS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		93.8
1) Yes		6.2
Total	1976	100.0

25) Was there harassment or intimidation of adherents of other religions (the Baha'i faith, Falun Gong, Jainism, Rastafarianism, Scientology, Shintoism, Sikhism, Taoism, Tenrikyo, Wicca and many other religions) by any level of government? (GRI_Q_11_OTHER_RELIGIONS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		81.8
1) Yes		18.2
Total	1976	100.0

26) Did the national government display hostility involving physical violence toward minority or nonapproved religious groups? (GRI_Q_12)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		75.5
1) Yes		24.5
Total	1976	100.0

27) Were there instances when the national government did not intervene in cases of discrimination or abuses against religious groups? (GRI_Q_13)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		76.1
1) Yes		23.9
Total	1976	100.0

28) Does the national government have an established organization to regulate or manage religious affairs? [0= No; 0.33= No, but the government consults a nongovernmental advisory board; 0.67= Yes, but the organization is noncoercive toward religious groups; 1.00= Yes, and the organization is coercive toward religious groups] (GRI_Q_14)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.43	0.41

29) Did the national government denounce one or more religious groups by characterizing them as dangerous 'cults' or 'sects'? (GRI_Q_15)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		88.9
1) Yes		11.1
Total	1976	100.0

30) Does any level of government formally ban any religious group? (GRI_Q_16)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		80.5
1) Yes		19.5
Total	1976	100.0

31) Does any level of government formally ban any religious group? If so, what is the rationale for the ban? [0= No; 0.33= Yes, security reasons stated as rationale; 0.67= Yes, nonsecurity reasons stated as rationale; 1.00= Yes, both security and nonsecurity reasons stated as rationale] (GRI_Q_16_REASONS)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.13	0.29

32) Were there instances when the national government attempted to eliminate an entire religious group's presence in the country? (GRI_Q_17)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		89.1
1) Yes		10.9
Total	1976	100.0

33) Does any level of government ask religious groups to register for any reason, including to be eligible for benefits such as tax exemption? [0= No; 0.33= Yes, but in a nondiscriminatory way; 0.67= Yes, and the process adversely affects the ability of some religious groups to operate; 1.00= Yes, and the process clearly discriminates against some religious groups] (GRI_Q_18)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.60	0.37

34) Did any level of government use force toward religious groups that resulted in individuals being killed, physically abused, imprisoned, detained or displaced from their homes or having their personal or religious properties damaged or destroyed? (GRI_Q_19)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		54.5
1) Yes		45.5
Total	1976	100.0

35) How many cases of government force were there? [0.00= None; 0.20= 1-9 cases of government force; 0.40= 10-200 cases of government force; 0.60= 201-1,000 cases of government force; 0.80= 1,001-9,999 cases of government force 1.00= 10,000+ cases of government force] (GRI_Q_19_EXTENT)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.18	0.25

36) Did any level of government use force toward religious groups that resulted in individuals having their personal or religious properties damaged or destroyed? [0.00= None; 0.20= 1-9 cases of property damaged or destroyed; 0.40= 10-200 cases of property damaged or destroyed; 0.60= 201-1,000 cases of property damaged or destroyed; 0.80= 1,001-9,999 cases of property damaged or destroyed; 1.00= 10,000+ cases of property damaged or destroyed] (GRI_Q_19_PROPERTY_DAMAGE)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.07	0.13

37) Did any level of government use force toward religious groups that resulted in individuals being imprisoned or detained? [0.00= None; 0.20= 1-9 cases of individuals imprisoned or detained; 0.40= 10-200 cases of individuals imprisoned or detained; 0.60= 201-1,000 cases of individuals imprisoned or detained 0.80= 1,001-9,999 cases of individuals imprisoned or detained 1.00= 10,000+ cases of individuals imprisoned or detained] (GRI_Q_19_DETENTIONS)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.13	0.22

38) Did any level of government use force toward religious groups that resulted in individuals being displaced from their homes? [0.00= None; 0.20= 1-9 cases of individuals being displaced; 0.40= 10-200 cases of individuals being displaced; 0.60= 201-1,000 cases of individuals being displaced; 0.80= 1,001-9,999 cases of individuals being displaced; 1.00= 10,000+ cases of individuals being displaced] (GRI_Q_19_DISPLACEMENTS)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.05	0.17

39) Did any level of government use force toward religious groups that resulted in individuals being physically abused? [0.00= None; 0.20= 1-9 cases of individuals being physically abused; 0.40= 10-200 cases of individuals being physically abused; 0.60= 201-1,000 cases of individuals being physically abused; 0.80= 1,001-9,999 cases of individuals being physically abused; 1.00= 10,000+ cases of individuals being physically abused] (GRI_Q_19_ABUSE)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.05	0.13

40) Did any level of government use force toward religious groups that resulted in individuals being killed? [0.00= None; 0.20= 1-9 cases of individuals being killed; 0.40= 10-200 cases of individuals being killed 0.60= 201-1,000 cases of individuals being killed; 0.80= 1,001-9,999 cases of individuals being killed; 1.00= 10,000+ cases of individuals being killed] (GRI_Q_19_DEATHS)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.03	0.10

41) Does the country's constitution or basic law recognize a favored religion or religions? (GRI_Q_20_1)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		60.9
1) Yes		39.1
Total	1976	100.0

42) Do all religious groups receive the same level of government access and privileges? [0= All religious groups are generally treated the same; 0.25= Some religious groups have minimal privileges unavailable to other religious groups, limited to things such as inheriting buildings or properties; 0.50= Some religious groups have general privileges or government access unavailable to other religious groups; 0.75= One religious group has privileges or government access unavailable to other religious groups, but it is not recognized as the country's official religion; 1.00= One religious group has privileges or government access unavailable to other religious groups, and it is recognized by the national government as the official religion] (GRI_Q_20_2)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.55	0.35

43) Does any level of government provide funds or other resources to religious groups? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, but with no obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups; 1.00= Yes, and with obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups] (GRI_Q_20_3)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.78	0.36

44) Does any level of government provide funds or other resources for religious education programs and/or religious schools? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, but with no obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups; 1.00= Yes, and with obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups] (GRI_Q_20_3_A)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.62	0.43

45) Does any level of government provide funds or other resources for religious property (e.g., buildings, upkeep, repair or land)? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, but with no obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups; 1.00= Yes, and with obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups] (GRI_Q_20_3_B)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.37	0.46

46) Does any level of government provide funds or other resources for religious activities other than education or property? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, but with no obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups; 1.00= Yes, and with obvious favoritism to a particular group or groups] (GRI_Q_20_3_C)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.57	0.44

47) Is religious education required in public schools? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, by at least some local governments; 1.00= Yes, by the national government] (GRI_Q_20_4)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.37	0.47

48) Does the national government defer in some way to religious authorities, texts or doctrines on legal issues? (GRI_Q_20_5)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		71.2
1) Yes		28.8
Total	1976	100.0

49) Has there been any harassment or intimidation of religious groups by social groups motivated by religious hatred or bias? (SHI_Q_1_HARASSMENT)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		30.1
1) Yes		69.9
Total	1976	100.0

50) Has there been any destruction of personal or religious property motivated by religious hatred or bias? (SHI_Q_1_PROPERTYDAMAGE)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		62.8
1) Yes		37.2
Total	1976	100.0

51) Have there been any detentions or abductions motivated by religious hatred or bias? (SHI_Q_1_DETENTIONS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		92.4
1) Yes		7.6
Total	1976	100.0

52) Has there been any displacement of individuals from their homes motivated by religious hatred or bias? (SHI_Q_1_DISPLACEMENTS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		90.7
1) Yes		9.3
Total	1976	100.0

53) Have there been any physical assaults motivated by religious hatred or bias? (SHI_Q_1_ASSAULTS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		67.8
1) Yes		32.2
Total	1976	100.0

54) Have there been any deaths motivated by religious hatred or bias? (SHI_Q_1_DEATHS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		83.4
1) Yes		16.6
Total	1976	100.0

55) How many different types of crimes, malicious acts or violence motivated by religious hatred or bias occurred? [0 = No; 0.17 = Yes, one type of social hostility; 0.34= Yes, two types of social hostilities; 0.51=Yes, three types of social hostilities; 0.68=Yes, four types of social hostilities; 0.85=Yes, five types of social hostilities 1.00=Yes, six types of social hostilities] (SHI_Q_1_EXTENT)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.29	0.26

56) Was there harassment or intimidation of Christians motivated by religious hatred or violence? (SHI_Q_1_HARASS_CHRISTIANITY)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		58.8
1) Yes		41.2
Total	1976	100.0

57) Was there harassment or intimidation of Muslims motivated by religious hatred or violence? (SHI_Q_1_HARASS_ISLAM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		61.3
1) Yes		38.7
Total	1976	100.0

58) Was there harassment or intimidation of Buddhists motivated by religious hatred or violence? (SHI_Q_1_HARASS_BUDDHISM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		97.5
1) Yes		2.5
Total	1976	100.0

59) Was there harassment or intimidation of Hindus motivated by religious hatred or violence? (SHI_Q_1_HARASS_HINDUISM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		95.6
1) Yes		4.4
Total	1976	100.0

60) Was there harassment or intimidation of Jews motivated by religious hatred or violence? (SHI_Q_1_HARASS_JUDAISM)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		68.0
1) Yes		32.0
Total	1976	100.0

61) Was there harassment or intimidation of adherents of folk religions motivated by religious hatred or violence? (SHI_Q_1_HARASS_FOLK_RELIGIONS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		90.2
1) Yes		9.8
Total	1976	100.0

62) Was there harassment or intimidation of adherents of other religions motivated by religious hatred or violence? (SHI_Q_1_HARASS_OTHER_RELIGIONS)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		90.5
1) Yes		9.5
Total	1976	100.0

63) Was there mob violence related to religion? [0= No 0.50= Yes, but no deaths were reported 1.00= Yes, and deaths were reported] (SHI_Q_2)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.13	0.29

64) Were there acts of sectarian or communal violence between religious groups? (SHI_Q_3)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		89.3
1) Yes		10.7
Total	1976	100.0

65) Were religion-related terrorist groups active in the country? (SHI_Q_4)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		64.5
1) Yes		35.5
Total	1976	100.0

66) If the answer to SHI_Q_4 was yes, how extensive was the terrorist groups' activity? [0= No; 0.25= Yes, but their activity was limited to recruitment and fundraising; 0.50= Yes, and their activities included violence that resulted in some casualties (1-9 injuries or deaths); 0.75= Yes, with violence that resulted in multiple casualties (10-50 injuries or deaths); 1.00= Yes, with violence that resulted in many casualties (more than 50 injuries or deaths) ] (SHI_Q_4_EXTENT)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.20	0.34

67) Was there a religion-related war or armed conflict in the country? (SHI_Q_5)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		88.4
1) Yes		11.6
Total	1976	100.0

68) If the answer to SHI_Q_5 was yes, how extensive was the religion-related conflict? [0= No; 0.25= Yes, with fewer than 10,000 casualties or people displaced; 0.50= Yes, with tens of thousands of casualties or people displaced; 0.75= Yes, with hundreds of thousands of casualties or people displaced; 1.00= Yes, with millions of casualties or people displaced] (SHI_Q_5_EXTENT)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.07	0.22

69) Did violence result from tensions between religious groups? [0= No; 0.33= There were public tensions between religious groups, but they fell short of hostilities involving physical violence; 0.67= Yes, with physical violence in a few cases; 1.00= Yes, with physical violence in numerous cases] (SHI_Q_6)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.42	0.37

70) Did organized groups use force or coercion in an attempt to dominate public life with their perspective on religion, including preventing some religious groups from operating in the country? [0= No; 0.33= Yes, at the local level; 0.67= Yes, at the regional level; 1.00= Yes, at the national level] (SHI_Q_7)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.32	0.41

71) Did religious groups themselves attempt to prevent other religious groups from being able to operate? (SHI_Q_8)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		68.4
1) Yes		31.6
Total	1976	100.0

72) Did individuals or groups use violence or the threat of violence, including so-called honor killings, to try to enforce religious norms? (SHI_Q_9)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		71.7
1) Yes		28.3
Total	1976	100.0

73) Were individuals assaulted or displaced from their homes in retaliation for religious activities, including preaching and other forms of religious expression, considered offensive or threatening to the majority faith? (SHI_Q_10)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		65.9
1) Yes		34.1
Total	1976	100.0

74) Were women harassed for violating religious dress codes? (SHI_Q_11)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		79.3
1) Yes		20.7
Total	1976	100.0

75) Were there incidents of hostility over proselytizing? [0= No 0.50= Yes, but they fell short of physical violence 1.00= Yes, and they included physical violence] (SHI_Q_12)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.14	0.31

76) Were there incidents of hostility over conversions from one religion to another? [0= No; 0.50= Yes, but they fell short of physical violence; 1.00= Yes, and they included physical violence] (SHI_Q_13)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1976	0.19	0.35

77) Does any level of government penalize blasphemy? (GRX_22_BLASPHEMY)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		73.6
1) Yes		26.4
Missing	591
Total	1385	100.0

78) Does any level of government penalize apostasy? (GRX_22_APOSTASY)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		88.5
1) Yes		11.5
Missing	591
Total	1385	100.0

79) Does any level of government penalize hate speech? (GRX_22_HATE_SPEECH)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		55.7
1) Yes		44.3
Missing	591
Total	1385	100.0

80) Does any level of government penalize criticisms or critiques of a religion or religions? (GRX_22_CRITICISM_OF_RELIGION)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		75.4
1) Yes		24.6
Missing	591
Total	1385	100.0

81) Is there a police force that enforces religious norms? (GRX_30)

	TOTAL	%
0) No		92.3
1) Yes		7.7
Missing	1382
Total	594	100.0