State of the First Amendment Survey, 1997 - Codebook

All frequencies are raw numbers (no weights used).

1) Sequential record ID (CASEID)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1025	513.00	296.04

2) Case Identification (ID)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1025	2,469.13	1,591.27

3) As you know the U.S. Constitution provides citizens many rights and freedoms. Are there any particular rights or freedoms that you feel are most important to American society? [Do not read list provided below] (Circle all responses) PROBE: Are there any others? (IMRT1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Freedom of the press	25	2.4
2) Freedom of speech	442	43.1
3) Freedom not to practice religion	35	3.4
4) Freedom to practice religion	78	7.6
5) Right to petition	6	0.6
6) Right of assembly/Right to association	20	2.0
7) Right to bear arms/own guns	42	4.1
8) Right to trial by jury/fair trial	5	0.5
9) Right to privacy	8	0.8
10) Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure	3	0.3
12) Other	85	8.3
99) DK/REF	276	26.9
Total	1025	100.0

4) As you know the U.S. Constitution provides citizens many rights and freedoms. Are there any particular rights or freedoms that you feel are most important to American society? [Do not read list provided below] (Circle all responses) PROBE: Are there any others? (IMRT2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Freedom of the press	19	7.5
2) Freedom of speech	59	23.4
3) Freedom not to practice religion	16	6.3
4) Freedom to practice religion	54	21.4
6) Right of assembly/Right to association	13	5.2
7) Right to bear arms/own guns	33	13.1
8) Right to trial by jury/fair trial	8	3.2
9) Right to privacy	7	2.8
10) Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure	1	0.4
12) Other	27	10.7
99) DK/REF	15	6.0
Missing	773
Total	252	100.0

5) As you know the U.S. Constitution provides citizens many rights and freedoms. Are there any particular rights or freedoms that you feel are most important to American society? [Do not read list provided below] (Circle all responses) PROBE: Are there any others? (IMRT3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Freedom of the press	2	3.7
2) Freedom of speech	5	9.3
3) Freedom not to practice religion	4	7.4
4) Freedom to practice religion	12	22.2
5) Right to petition	1	1.9
6) Right of assembly/Right to association	4	7.4
7) Right to bear arms/own guns	5	9.3
8) Right to trial by jury/fair trial	2	3.7
9) Right to privacy	1	1.9
10) Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure	4	7.4
11) Right to protest	0	0.0
12) Other	9	16.7
99) DK/REF	5	9.3
Missing	971
Total	54	100.0

6) As you know the U.S. Constitution provides citizens many rights and freedoms. Are there any particular rights or freedoms that you feel are most important to American society? [Do not read list provided below] (Circle all responses) PROBE: Are there any others? (IMRT4)

	TOTAL	%
4) Freedom to practice religion	2	18.2
5) Right to petition	1	9.1
6) Right of assembly/Right to association	1	9.1
7) Right to bear arms/own guns	4	36.4
10) Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure	2	18.2
12) Other	1	9.1
Missing	1014
Total	11	100.0

7) As you know the U.S. Constitution provides citizens many rights and freedoms. Are there any particular rights or freedoms that you feel are most important to American society? [Do not read list provided below] (Circle all responses) PROBE: Are there any others? (IMRT5)

	TOTAL	%
12) Other	2	100.0
Missing	1023
Total	2	100.0

8) As you may know, the First Amendment is part of the U.S. Constitution. Can you name any of the specific rights that are guaranteed by the First Amendment? (SPAMEND1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Freedom of the press	56	8.8
2) Freedom of speech	401	62.9
3) Freedom of religion	61	9.6
4) Right to petition	9	1.4
5) Right of assembly/right to association	24	3.8
6) Other	28	4.4
9) DK/Refused	59	9.2
Missing	387
Total	638	100.0

9) As you may know, the First Amendment is part of the U.S. Constitution. Can you name any of the specific rights that are guaranteed by the First Amendment? (SPAMEND2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Freedom of the press	37	12.9
2) Freedom of speech	70	24.4
3) Freedom of religion	102	35.5
4) Right to petition	7	2.4
5) Right of assembly/right to association	46	16.0
6) Other	25	8.7
Missing	738
Total	287	100.0

10) As you may know, the First Amendment is part of the U.S. Constitution. Can you name any of the specific rights that are guaranteed by the First Amendment? (SPAMEND3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Freedom of the press	16	16.3
2) Freedom of speech	6	6.1
3) Freedom of religion	29	29.6
4) Right to petition	3	3.1
5) Right of assembly/right to association	32	32.7
6) Other	12	12.2
Missing	927
Total	98	100.0

11) As you may know, the First Amendment is part of the U.S. Constitution. Can you name any of the specific rights that are guaranteed by the First Amendment? (SPAMEND4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Freedom of the press	3	12.0
2) Freedom of speech	1	4.0
3) Freedom of religion	3	12.0
4) Right to petition	3	12.0
5) Right to assembly/right to association	7	28.0
6) Other	8	32.0
Missing	1000
Total	25	100.0

12) As you may know, the First Amendment is part of the U.S. Constitution. Can you name any of the specific rights that are guaranteed by the First Amendment? (SPAMEND5)

	TOTAL	%
5) Right of assembly/right to association	1	50.0
6) Other	1	50.0
Missing	1023
Total	2	100.0

13) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. First, how important is it that you have the right to assemble, march, protest or petition the government about causes and issues? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	573	55.9
2) Important	357	34.8
3) Not that important	84	8.2
9) Don't know/Refused	11	1.1
Total	1025	100.0

14) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. How important is it that you have the right to speak freely about whatever you want? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	749	73.1
2) Important	253	24.7
3) Not that important	16	1.6
9) Don't Know/Refused	7	0.7
Total	1025	100.0

15) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. How important is it that you have the right to practice the religion of your choice? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	833	81.3
2) Important	176	17.2
3) Not that important	15	1.5
9) Don't know/Refused	1	0.1
Total	1025	100.0

16) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. How important is it that you have the right to practice no religion? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	680	66.3
2) Important	239	23.3
3) Not that important	94	9.2
9) Don't know/Refused	12	1.2
Total	1025	100.0

17) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. How important is it that you have the right to be informed by a free press? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT5)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	626	61.1
2) Important	325	31.7
3) Not that important	61	6.0
9) Don't know/Refused	13	1.3
Total	1025	100.0

18) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. How important is it that you have the right to own firearms? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT6)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	335	32.7
2) Important	297	29.0
3) Not that important	365	35.6
9) Don't know/Refused	28	2.7
Total	1025	100.0

19) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. How important is it that you have the right to privacy? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT7)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	818	79.8
2) Important	198	19.3
3) Not that important	7	0.7
9) Don't know/Refused	2	0.2
Total	1025	100.0

20) The U.S. Constitution protects certain rights, but not everyone considers each right important. I am going to read you some rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Please tell me how important it is that you have that right. How important is it that you have the right to a fair trial? Is it essential that you have this right, important but not essential, or not that important? (IMRGHT8)

	TOTAL	%
1) Essential	892	87.0
2) Important	130	12.7
3) Not that important	2	0.2
9) Don't know/Refused	1	0.1
Total	1025	100.0

21) The First Amendment became part of the U.S. Constitution over 200 years ago. This is what it says: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise of religion; or of abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." Imagine that the country was again voting to ratify the First Amendment. If you were voting on whether or not to approve it, how would you vote? (APPROVE1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Approve it	958	93.5
2) Not approve it	33	3.2
9) Don't know/Refused	34	3.3
Total	1025	100.0

22) Why wouldn't you approve it? PROBE: What would have to be changed for you to approve it? (APPROVE2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Specify	21	67.7
9) Don't know/Refused	10	32.3
Missing	994
Total	31	100.0

23) How closely do you pay attention to issues involving the First Amendment's freedoms of speech, pres, religion, assembly and petition—do you pay a lot of attention, some, just a little, or not much at all? (ATTENT)

	TOTAL	%
1) A lot	408	39.8
2) Some	443	43.2
3) Just a little	98	9.6
4) Not much at all	72	7.0
9) Don't know/Refused	4	0.4
Total	1025	100.0

24) Please tell me if you agree with the following statement: Americans don't appreciate First Amendment freedoms the way they ought to: PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (AMAPPR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	483	47.1
2) Mildly agree	296	28.9
3) Mildly disagree	129	12.6
4) Strongly disagree	81	7.9
9) Don't know/Refused	36	3.5
Total	1025	100.0

25) Even though the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of the press, government has placed some restrictions on it. Overall, do you think the press in America has too much freedom to do what it wants, too little freedom to do what it wants, or is the amount freedom the press has about right? (FREPRESS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Too much freedom	398	38.8
2) Too little freedom	91	8.9
3) About right	498	48.6
9) Don't know/Refused	38	3.7
Total	1025	100.0

26) Even though the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, government has placed some restrictions on it. Overall, do you think Americans have too much freedom to speak freely, too little freedom to speak freely, or is the amount of freedom people have to speak freely about right? (FRESPEAK)

	TOTAL	%
1) Too much freedom	110	10.7
2) Too little freedom	182	17.8
3) About right	699	68.2
9) Don't know/Refused	34	3.3
Total	1025	100.0

27) Even though the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, government has placed some restrictions on it. Overall, do you think Americans have too much religious freedom, too little religious freedom, or is the amount of religious freedom people have about right? (FRERELIG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Too much freedom	65	6.3
2) Too little freedom	221	21.6
3) About right	716	69.9
9) Don't know/Refused	23	2.2
Total	1025	100.0

28) Do you think that imposing curfews on young people violates their First Amendment rights or not? (CURYNG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Violates rights	198	19.3
2) Not violates rights	786	76.7
9) Don't know/Refused	41	4.0
Total	1025	100.0

29) Overall, would you say that the moral values in American society are improving, deteriorating, or aren't they changing all that much? (AMERMOR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Improving	67	6.5
2) Deteriorating	790	77.1
3) Not changing	151	14.7
9) Don't know/Refused	17	1.7
Total	1025	100.0

30) Please tell me whether or not you have done any of the following in the past year: Displayed an American flag at your home. (PASTYR1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	631	61.6
2) No	393	38.3
9) Don't know/Refused	1	0.1
Total	1025	100.0

31) Please tell me whether or not you have done any of the following in the past year: Voted in an election. (PASTYR2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	821	80.1
2) No	203	19.8
9) Don't know/Refused	1	0.1
Total	1025	100.0

32) Please tell me whether or not you have done any of the following in the past year: Participated in a political rally. (PASTYR3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	149	14.5
2) No	876	85.5
Total	1025	100.0

33) Please tell me whether or not you have done any of the following in the past year: Attended a public meeting. (PASTYR4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	592	57.8
2) No	431	42.0
9) Don't know/Refused	2	0.2
Total	1025	100.0

34) Please tell me whether or not you have done any of the following in the past year: Contacted an elected official. (PASTYR5)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	447	43.6
2) No	576	56.2
9) Don't know/Refused	2	0.2
Total	1025	100.0

35) Please tell me whether or not you have done any of the following in the past year: Sent a letter to the editor. (PASTYR6)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	129	12.6
2) No	895	87.3
9) Don't know/Refused	1	0.1
Total	1025	100.0

36) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. People should be allowed to express unpopular opinions. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	706	68.9
2) Mildly agree	222	21.7
3) Mildly disagree	52	5.1
4) Strongly disagree	31	3.0
9) Don't know/Refused	14	1.4
Total	1025	100.0

37) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. Companies should be allowed to advertise tobacco. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	268	26.1
2) Mildly agree	314	30.6
3) Mildly disagree	111	10.8
4) Strongly disagree	300	29.3
9) Don't know/Refused	32	3.1
Total	1025	100.0

38) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. Companies should be allowed to advertise liquor and alcohol products. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	260	25.4
2) Mildly agree	362	35.3
3) Mildly disagree	124	12.1
4) Strongly disagree	257	25.1
9) Don't know/Refused	22	2.1
Total	1025	100.0

39) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. The media should be allowed to broadcast pictures of nude or partially clothed persons. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	81	7.9
2) Mildly agree	201	19.6
3) Mildly disagree	189	18.4
4) Strongly disagree	530	51.7
9) Don't know/Refused	24	2.3
Total	1025	100.0

40) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. Musicians should be allowed to sing songs with words that others might find offensive. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX5)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	231	22.5
2) Mildly agree	290	28.3
3) Mildly disagree	149	14.5
4) Strongly disagree	322	31.4
9) Don't know/Refused	33	3.2
Total	1025	100.0

41) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. People should be allowed to place sexually explicit material on the Internet. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX6)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	110	10.7
2) Mildly agree	156	15.2
3) Mildly disagree	97	9.5
4) Strongly disagree	633	61.8
9) Don't know/Refused	28	2.7
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

42) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. People should be allowed to burn or deface the American flag as a political statement. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX7)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	103	10.0
2) Mildly agree	106	10.3
3) Mildly disagree	74	7.2
4) Strongly disagree	723	70.5
9) Don't know/Refused	19	1.9
Total	1025	100.0

43) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. School students should be allowed to wear a T-shirt with a message or picture that others may find offensive. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX8)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	90	8.8
2) Mildly agree	160	15.6
3) Mildly disagree	232	22.6
4) Strongly disagree	498	48.6
9) Don't know/Refused	45	4.4
Total	1025	100.0

44) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. People should be allowed to use words in public that might be offensive to racial groups. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX9)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	81	7.9
2) Mildly agree	142	13.9
3) Mildly disagree	153	14.9
4) Strongly disagree	628	61.3
9) Don't know/Refused	21	2.0
Total	1025	100.0

45) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of free speech. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. People should be allowed to display in a public place art that has content that might be offensive to others. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRSPEX10)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	200	19.5
2) Mildly agree	239	23.3
3) Mildly disagree	226	22.0
4) Strongly disagree	322	31.4
9) Don't know/Refused	38	3.7
Total	1025	100.0

46) Which come closest to your own opinion: Novels that describe explicit sex acts… (NOVSEXA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Have no place in a school library and should be banned	199	39.3
2) Should be permitted in the library if they are worth while literature	278	54.8
3) Neither	9	1.8
9) Don't know/Refused	21	4.1
Missing	518
Total	507	100.0

47) Would you say that giving government the power to decide which TV programs can or cannot be shown.. (GOVTVA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Violates the public's right to watch what it pleases	329	65.0
2) Is necessary to protect the public against violent or obscene shows	154	30.4
3) Neither	9	1.8
9) Don't know/Refused	14	2.8
Missing	519
Total	506	100.0

48) Do you think that books that could show terrorists how to build bombs should be… (BOOKTERA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Banned from public libraries	348	68.8
2) Available in the library like every other book	138	27.3
3) Neither	9	1.8
9) Don't know/Refused	11	2.2
Missing	519
Total	506	100.0

49) Which come closest to your own opinion: Novels that describe explicit sex acts… (NOVSEXB)

	TOTAL	%
1) Have no place in a school library and should be banned	217	41.9
2) Should be permitted in the library if they are worth while literature	278	53.7
3) Neither	9	1.7
9) Don't know/Refused	14	2.7
Missing	507
Total	518	100.0

50) Would you say that giving government the power to decide which TV programs can or cannot be shown… (GOVTVB)

	TOTAL	%
1) Violates the public's right to watch what it pleases	329	63.4
2) Is necessary to protect the public against shows with violent or obscene shows	157	30.3
3) Neither	21	4.0
9) Don't know/Refused	12	2.3
Missing	506
Total	519	100.0

51) Do you think that books that could show terrorists how to build bombs should be… (BOOKTERB)

	TOTAL	%
1) Banned from public libraries	322	62.0
2) Available in the library like every other book	174	33.5
3) Neither	9	1.7
9) Don't know/Refused	14	2.7
Missing	506
Total	519	100.0

52) Some people feel that the U.S. Constitution should be amended to make it illegal to burn or desecrate the American Flag as a form of political dissent. Others say that the U.S. Constitution should not be amended to specifically prohibit flag burning. Do you think the U.S. Constitution should or should not be amended to prohibit burning or desecrating the flag? (AMFLAG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Should be amended	490	47.8
2) Should not be amended	502	49.0
5) Missing	1	0.1
9) Don't know/Refused	32	3.1
Total	1025	100.0

53) IF "Should be amended" in AMFLAG, ask: If an amendment prohibiting flag burning were approved, it would be the first time any of the freedoms in the First Amendment have been amended in over 200 years. Knowing this, would you still support an amendment to prohibit flag burning? (FIRSTAM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	431	87.8
2) No	40	8.1
9) Don't know/Refused	20	4.1
Missing	534
Total	491	100.0

54) Please, tell me if you agree or disagree with the following statement. It's dangerous to restrict freedom of speech because restricting the freedom of one person could lead to restrictions on everybody. PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree?) (DANGFSP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	378	58.7
2) Mildly agree	160	24.8
3) Mildly disagree	48	7.5
4) Strongly disagree	37	5.7
9) Don't know/Refused	21	3.3
Missing	381
Total	644	100.0

55) To the best of your recollection, have you read or heard anything about a recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling regarding the internet? If, YES: How much have you read or heard – a lot, some, or just a little? (SURULINT)

	TOTAL	%
1) No- Not read/heard	512	50.0
2) Yes- a lot	79	7.7
3) Yes- some	186	18.1
4) Yes- a little	234	22.8
9) Don't know/refused	14	1.4
Total	1025	100.0

56) As you may know, courts have traditionally given broad First Amendment protections to books and newspapers which contain material that may be offensive to some people. Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that material on the internet has the same First Amendment protections as printed material such as books and newspapers. Do you agree or disagree with this ruling? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (AMENINT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	313	30.5
2) Mildly agree	269	26.2
3) Mildly disagree	149	14.5
4) Strongly disagree	239	23.3
9) Don't know/Refused	55	5.4
Total	1025	100.0

57) There has been a lot of talk lately about rating television programs. Do you think that government has a role to play in developing a system to rate television programs or do you think government should not be involved? (GOVTVRAT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Government should be involved	455	44.4
2) Government should not be involved	534	52.1
9) Don't know/Refused	36	3.5
Total	1025	100.0

58) Please, tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Tabloid newspapers such as The Star and the Inquirer should have the same freedom to publish what they want as other newspapers such as The New York Times and Wall Street Journal. PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FREETAB)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	463	45.2
2) Mildly agree	319	31.1
3) Mildly disagree	72	7.0
4) Strongly disagree	145	14.1
9) Don't know/Refused	26	2.5
Total	1025	100.0

59) Overall, how would you rate the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of the press in helping the public become informed about issues in government - - excellent, good, only fair, or poor? (RATFIRAM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Excellent	161	15.7
2) Good	489	47.7
3) Only fair	279	27.2
4) Poor	59	5.8
9) Don't know/Refused	37	3.6
Total	1025	100.0

60) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. First, newspapers should be allowed to publish freely without government approval of a story. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	572	55.8
2) Mildly agree	244	23.8
3) Mildly disagree	102	10.0
4) Strongly disagree	75	7.3
9) Don't know/Refused	32	3.1
Total	1025	100.0

61) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. Journalists should be allowed to keep a news source confidential. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	599	58.5
2) Mildly agree	268	26.2
3) Mildly disagree	61	6.0
4) Strongly disagree	70	6.8
9) Don't know/Refused	26	2.5
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

62) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. Broadcasters should be allowed to televise courtroom trials. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	305	29.8
2) Mildly agree	236	23.0
3) Mildly disagree	186	18.2
4) Strongly disagree	257	25.1
9) Don't know/Refused	40	3.9
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

63) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. Newspapers should be allowed to endorse or criticize political candidates. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	467	45.6
2) Mildly agree	260	25.4
3) Mildly disagree	99	9.7
4) Strongly disagree	178	17.4
9) Don't know/Refused	21	2.0
Total	1025	100.0

64) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. The news media should be allowed to report government secrets that have come to journalists' attention. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES5)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	366	35.7
2) Mildly agree	255	24.9
3) Mildly disagree	142	13.9
4) Strongly disagree	216	21.1
9) Don't know/Refused	46	4.5
Total	1025	100.0

65) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. Television networks should be allowed to project winners of an election while people are still voting. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES6)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	143	14.0
2) Mildly agree	159	15.5
3) Mildly disagree	174	17.0
4) Strongly disagree	534	52.1
9) Don't know/Refused	15	1.5
Total	1025	100.0

66) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. High school students should be allowed to report controversial issues in their student newspaper without approval of school authorities. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES7)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	250	24.4
2) Mildly agree	224	21.9
3) Mildly disagree	231	22.5
4) Strongly disagree	295	28.8
9) Don't know/Refused	25	2.4
Total	1025	100.0

67) I'm going to read you some ways that freedom of the press may be exercised. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do it. Journalists should be allowed to use hidden cameras in their reporting. Do you agree or disagree that the press should be free to do this? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRPRES8)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	133	13.0
2) Mildly agree	185	18.0
3) Mildly disagree	203	19.8
4) Strongly disagree	472	46.0
9) Don't know/Refused	32	3.1
Total	1025	100.0

68) Please tell me which comes closest to your opinion: If a news photographer takes a picture of a famous person with a prostitute, the photos should be… (CELPHOTO)

	TOTAL	%
1) Permitted under the guarantees of a free press	432	42.1
2) Forbidden as an invasion of privacy	510	49.8
3) Neither	34	3.3
9) Don't know/Refused	49	4.8
Total	1025	100.0

69) Do you think that jailing reporters who refuse to reveal their news sources during trial… (JAILREP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Is justified when the names are necessary for a fair trial	373	36.4
2) Is wrong because people with important information will be afraid to tell the truth to reporters	551	53.8
3) Neither	23	2.2
9) Don't know/Refused	78	7.6
Total	1025	100.0

70) Before a criminal case come to trial, do you think that reporters who have found out certain facts of the case should be…: (TRIALREP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Forbidden to publish the information since it might bias jurors	520	50.7
2) Allowed to publish the information because no one, not even a judge, should be able to censor the press	438	42.7
3) Neither	19	1.9
9) Don't know/Refused	48	4.7
Total	1025	100.0

71) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of freedom of religion. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. People should be allowed to display religious symbols on government property. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRREL1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	284	27.7
2) Mildly agree	201	19.6
3) Mildly disagree	204	19.9
4) Strongly disagree	292	28.5
9) Don't know/Refused	44	4.3
Total	1025	100.0

72) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of freedom of religion. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. Public school students should be allowed to form a religious club that meets on school property. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRREL2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	461	45.0
2) Mildly agree	259	25.3
3) Mildly disagree	109	10.6
4) Strongly disagree	176	17.2
9) Don't know/Refused	20	2.0
Total	1025	100.0

73) I'm going to read you some ways people might exercise their First Amendment right of freedom of religion. For each, tell me if you agree or disagree that someone should be free to do it. Teachers or other public school officials should be allowed to lead prayers in school. Do you agree or disagree that people should be free to do this? PROBE: do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree)? (FRREL3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	395	38.6
2) Mildly agree	200	19.5
3) Mildly disagree	143	14.0
4) Strongly disagree	269	26.3
9) Don't know/Refused	17	1.7
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

74) Do you feel that freedom to worship as one please… (FRWORS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Applies to all religious groups regardless of how extreme their beliefs are	690	67.4
2) Was never meant to apply to religious groups that the majority of people consider extreme or on the fringe	258	25.2
3) Neither	19	1.9
9) Don't know/Refused	57	5.6
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

75) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It's OK for a prayer to be said at a high school graduation ceremony if a majority of the graduation class favors it. PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree) with this? (HSPRGRAD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	643	62.8
2) Mildly agree	186	18.2
3) Mildly disagree	83	8.1
4) Strongly disagree	100	9.8
9) Don't know/Refused	12	1.2
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

76) Some people feel that the U.S. Constitution should be amended to let local communities decide on whether or not prayer should be allowed in public schools. Others say that the U.S. Constitution should not be amended to allow local communities to decide on prayer in the schools. Do you think the U.S. Constitution should or should not be amended to allow local communities to decide on prayer in the schools? (PRAYCOM1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Should be amended	422	41.2
2) Should not be amended	576	56.2
9) Don't know/Refused	27	2.6
Total	1025	100.0

77) If an amendment allowing communities to decide on school prayer were approved, it would be the first time any of the freedoms in the First Amendment have been amended in over 200 years. Knowing this, would you still support an amendment to let local communities decide on prayer in their local schools? (PRAYCOM2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	381	90.3
2) No	26	6.2
9) Don't know/Refused	15	3.6
Missing	603
Total	422	100.0

78) Please tell me if you agree or disagree with the following statement: It's dangerous to place restrictions on freedom of religion because restrictions on one type of religious activity could lead to restrictions on others. (PROBES: Do you strongly or mildly agree or disagree?) (PRAYCOM3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	645	63.0
2) Mildly agree	240	23.5
3) Mildly disagree	62	6.1
4) Strongly disagree	43	4.2
9) Don't know/Refused	33	3.2
Missing	2
Total	1023	100.0

79) Do you agree or disagree with the following: Any group that wants to should be allowed to hire people to influence government officials or policies? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree) with this? (GRHIREOF)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	142	13.9
2) Mildly agree	191	18.6
3) Mildly disagree	179	17.5
4) Strongly disagree	476	46.4
9) Don't know/Refused	37	3.6
Total	1025	100.0

80) Do you agree or disagree with the following: Any group that wants to should be allowed to hold a rally for a cause or issue even if it may be offensive to others in the community? PROBE: Do you strongly or mildly (agree/disagree) with this? (GRRALLY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	401	39.1
2) Mildly agree	327	31.9
3) Mildly disagree	108	10.5
4) Strongly disagree	149	14.5
9) Don't know/Refused	40	3.9
Total	1025	100.0

81) Please, tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. (PROBE: Do you agree strongly or mildly?) Once the government starts limiting certain rights it becomes easier for it to put limits on more rights. (GOVLIM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Strongly agree	658	64.2
2) Mildly agree	204	19.9
3) Mildly disagree	77	7.5
4) Strongly disagree	60	5.9
9) Don't know/Refused	26	2.5
Total	1025	100.0

82) To the best of your recollection, have you ever taken classes in either school or college that dealt with First Amendment freedoms? (CLAMEND)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	514	50.2
2) No	491	47.9
9) Don't know/Refused	19	1.9
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

83) Would that have been in grade school, high school or college? (Circle all that apply) (CLAMEND1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Grade school [Grades 1-8]	82	15.9
2) High school	250	48.5
3) College	179	34.8
9) Don't know/Refused	4	0.8
Missing	510
Total	515	100.0

84) Would that have been in grade school, high school or college? (Circle all that apply) (CLAMEND2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Grade school [Grades 1-8]	2	1.3
2) High school	77	50.7
3) College	69	45.4
9) Don't know/Refused	4	2.6
Missing	873
Total	152	100.0

85) Would that have been in grade school, high school or college? (Circle all that apply) (CLAMEND3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Grade school [Grades 1-8]	1	1.8
2) High school	2	3.6
3) College	53	94.6
9) Don't know/Refused	0	0.0
Missing	969
Total	56	100.0

86) Overall, how would you rate the job that the American educational system does in teaching students about First Amendment freedoms - - excellent, good, only fair, or poor? (EDUFIRAM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Excellent	47	4.6
2) Good	264	25.9
3) Only fair	421	41.3
4) Poor	226	22.2
9) Don't know/Refused	62	6.1
Missing	5
Total	1020	100.0

87) I'm going to read some situations in which you might find yourself. For each, tell me how free you feel to speak your mind. First, how free do you feel to speak what's really on your mind at work among your fellow workers? Do you feel very free, somewhat free, not very free, or not free at all? (SPMINFR1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very free	602	58.7
2) Somewhat Free	286	27.9
3) Not very free	68	6.6
4) Not free at all	42	4.1
9) Don't know/Refused	27	2.6
Total	1025	100.0

88) I'm going to read some situations in which you might find yourself. For each, tell me how free you feel to speak your mind. First, how free do you feel to speak what's really on your mind at a public meeting in your community? Do you feel very free, somewhat free, not very free, or not free at all? (SPMINFR2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very free	531	51.8
2) Somewhat Free	359	35.0
3) Not very free	69	6.7
4) Not free at all	29	2.8
9) Don't know/Refused	37	3.6
Total	1025	100.0

89) I'm going to read some situations in which you might find yourself. For each, tell me how free you feel to speak your mind. First, how free do you feel to speak what's really on your mind at a political rally? Do you feel very free, somewhat free, not very free, or not free at all? (SPMINFR3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very free	452	44.1
2) Somewhat Free	325	31.7
3) Not very free	88	8.6
4) Not free at all	41	4.0
9) Don't know/Refused	119	11.6
Total	1025	100.0

90) I'm going to read some situations in which you might find yourself. For each, tell me how free you feel to speak your mind. First, how free do you feel to speak what's really on your mind in a school classroom? Do you feel very free, somewhat free, not very free, or not free at all? (SPMINFR4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very free	504	49.2
2) Somewhat Free	341	33.3
3) Not very free	92	9.0
4) Not free at all	44	4.3
9) Don't know/Refused	43	4.2
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

91) Over the past year, have you been in any situations when you did not express your opinions on something because you thought you might be punished or penalized for voicing your opinion? IF YES: Have you been in this situation frequently, a few times, or just once in the past year? (EXOPFR)

	TOTAL	%
1) No-not been in this situation	737	71.9
2) Yes-frequently	65	6.3
3) Yes-a few times	169	16.5
4) Yes-just once	52	5.1
9) Don't know/Refused	2	0.2
Total	1025	100.0

92) In what year were you born? (DOB)

	N	Mean	Std. Deviation
Total	1025	53.19	16.80

93) What was the last grade of school you completed? Grade school or less, some high school, high school, some college, college graduate, post graduate (SCHOOL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Grade school or less	13	1.3
2) Some high school	51	5.0
3) High school	275	26.8
4) Some college	311	30.3
5) College graduate	224	21.9
6) Post graduate	149	14.5
9) Don't know/Refused	2	0.2
Total	1025	100.0

94) Are you white, black, Hispanic, Asian, or something else? (RACE)

	TOTAL	%
1) White	843	82.2
2) Black	76	7.4
3) Hispanic	45	4.4
4) Asian	17	1.7
5) Other (Specify)	32	3.1
9) Don't know/Refused	12	1.2
Total	1025	100.0

95) For classification purposes only, is the total yearly income of all the members of your family now living at home $40,000 or more or would it be less than $40,000? (ANNINC1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Less than $40,000	424	41.4
2) $40,000 or more	554	54.0
9) Don't know/Refused	47	4.6
Total	1025	100.0

96) (If less than $40,000) And is that… (ANNINC2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Under $10,000	36	8.5
2) $10,000 to less than $20,000	102	24.1
3) $20,000 to less than $30,000	132	31.2
4) $30,000 to less than $40,000	140	33.1
9) Don't know/Refused	13	3.1
Missing	602
Total	423	100.0

97) (If more than $40,000) And is that… (ANNINC3)

	TOTAL	%
1) $40,000 to less than $50,000	175	31.5
2) $50,000 to less than $75,000	185	33.3
3) $75,000 to less than $100,000	85	15.3
4) $100,000 or more	72	12.9
9) Don't know/Refused	39	7.0
Missing	469
Total	556	100.0

98) From which news medium would you say you get most of your news - - from television, from newspapers, from radio, from magazines, from the Internet, or from some other source? (PROBE if necessary: If you had to choose one which would it be? (NEWSMED)

	TOTAL	%
1) From television	492	48.0
2) From newspapers	239	23.3
3) From radio	95	9.3
4) From magazines	12	1.2
5) From Internet	8	0.8
6) Other source	8	0.8
7) Combination	152	14.8
8) All 5 equally	14	1.4
9) Don't know/Refused	4	0.4
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

99) Do you have access to the internet? If YES: How often do you use the internet - - every day, at least once a week, at least once a month, or less than once a month? (NEWSMED2)

	TOTAL	%
1) No access (vol.)	568	55.7
2) Every day	157	15.4
3) Once a week	115	11.3
4) Once a month	73	7.2
5) Less than once a month	91	8.9
9) Don't know/Refused	16	1.6
Missing	5
Total	1020	100.0

100) In politics, as of today, are you a Democrat, a Republican, an Independent or what? (POLAFF)

	TOTAL	%
1) Democrat	353	34.5
2) Republican	306	29.9
3) Independent	255	24.9
4) Other	52	5.1
9) Don't know/Refused	58	5.7
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

101) Politically speaking, do you consider your self to be liberal, moderate, or conservative? (POLITICS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Liberal	259	25.3
2) Moderate	364	35.5
3) Conservative	335	32.7
4) None	21	2.1
9) Don't know/Refused	45	4.4
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

102) Are you Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, or another religion? (RELIGION)

	TOTAL	%
1) Catholic	272	26.6
2) Protestant	456	44.5
3) Jewish	20	2.0
4) Other (specify)	163	15.9
5) No religion	92	9.0
9) Don't know/Refused	21	2.1
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

103) Do you attend religious services at least once a week, 2 or 3 times a month, once a month, or less than once a month? (RELATT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Once a week	311	36.0
2) Two or three times a month	113	13.1
3) Once a month	87	10.1
4) Less than once a month	272	31.5
9) Don't know/Refused	80	9.3
Missing	162
Total	863	100.0

104) What is your marital status? Are you single, married, divorced, separated or widowed? (MARSTAT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Single	261	25.5
2) Married	573	56.0
3) Divorced/separated	120	11.7
4) Widowed	64	6.3
9) Don't know/Refused	6	0.6
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

105) Are you currently employed full time, employed part-time, retired, temporarily laid-off, or are you not employed? (EMPLOY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Full-time	602	58.8
2) Part-time	141	13.8
3) Retired	154	15.0
4) Temporarily laid off	12	1.2
5) Not employed	110	10.7
9) Don't know/Refused	5	0.5
Missing	1
Total	1024	100.0

106) Are there are any children under the age of 18 living in your household? (CHLDUN18)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	408	39.9
2) No	610	59.6
9) Don't know/Refused	5	0.5
Missing	2
Total	1023	100.0

107) Are any of these children 11 year old or younger? (CHLDUN11)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	292	69.9
2) No	123	29.4
9) Don't know/Refused	3	0.7
Missing	607
Total	418	100.0

108) Record Sex (SEX)

	TOTAL	%
1) Male	433	42.6
2) Female	583	57.4
Missing	9
Total	1016	100.0

109) Record Sex (for use with online analysis) (I-GENDER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Male	433	42.6
2) Female	583	57.4
Missing	9
Total	1016	100.0

110) What was the last grade of school you completed? Grade school or less, some high school, high school, some college, college graduate, post graduate (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-EDUC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Grade school or less	13	1.3
2) Some high school	51	5.0
3) High school	275	26.9
4) Some college	311	30.4
5) College graduate	224	21.9
6) Post graduate	149	14.6
Missing	2
Total	1023	100.0

111) Are you white, black, Hispanic, Asian, or something else? (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-RACE)

	TOTAL	%
1) White	843	83.2
2) Black	76	7.5
3) Hispanic	45	4.4
4) Asian	17	1.7
5) Other (Specify)	32	3.2
Missing	12
Total	1013	100.0

112) Are you Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, or another religion? (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-RELIGION)

	TOTAL	%
1) Catholic	272	27.1
2) Protestant	456	45.5
3) Jewish	20	2.0
4) Other (specify)	163	16.3
5) No religion	92	9.2
Missing	22
Total	1003	100.0

113) What is your marital status? Are you single, married, divorced, separated or widowed? (Recoded for use with online analysis) (I-MARITAL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Single	261	25.6
2) Married	573	56.3
3) Divorced/separated	120	11.8
4) Widowed	64	6.3
Missing	7
Total	1018	100.0