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QuickLists

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Timeline

Buddhist Churches of America: The Buddhist Churches of America, formed in 1944 and headquartered in San Francisco, represents mainstream Japanese American Buddhism.
First Buddhist Temples Built: In the 1850s-1880s, Chinese and Japanese immigrants brought Buddhism to America as they searched for work in Hawaii's plantations and California's gold rush.
Fo Guang Shan Hsi Lai Buddhist Temple : Built in 1988, Hsi Lai Temple near Los Angeles is the largest Buddhist temple in the western hemisphere.
First Buddhists Elected to U.S. Congress : In November 2006, voters in Georgia and Hawaii elected the first two Buddhists --Democrats Hank Johnson and Mazie Hirono -- to the U.S. Congress.
Vietnamese Buddhists Come to United States : Vietnamese Buddhism spread across America as thousands of refugees arrived after the Vietnam War ended in 1975.
Trungpa, Chogyam : Chogyam Trungpa (1939-87) is the founder of the largest Tibetan Buddhist group in America.
Suzuki, D.T. : Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki (1870-1966), a Zen Buddhist monk from Japan, helped to personify and explain Zen to a generation of Americans.
First Daoist/Traditional Chinese Temples in the U.S. : Daoism (i.e., Taoism), one of China’s recognized religions, arrived in San Francisco in the 19th century as Chinese immigrants sought work in California’s gold rush.
American Chapter of Soka Gakkai Formed : The Japanese-based Soka Gakkai Buddhist society commissioned its U.S. chapter in 1960. In 1991, the chapter reorganized as Soka Gakkai International-USA.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (i.e., Hart-Celler Act) permitted more Muslim, Buddhist, and Hindu immigrants into the United States, changing the U.S. religious landscape.

[Viewing Matches 1-10] > [View Matches 1-15] (of 15 total matches in Timelines)

Measurements

Buddhists, View of: Does the respondent have a warm\cold, positive\negative, favorable\unfavorable view of Buddhists or Buddhism?
Religious Tradition, Affiliation to: The general religious tradition with which a person identifies. Examples include Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Buddhist, etc.

[Viewing Matches 1-2] (of 2 total matches in Measurement Concepts)

ARDA Dictionary

Three Jewels:The three things that provide refuge for Buddhists: the Buddha, the Dharma (teaching), and the Sangha (Buddhist community) (Prothero 2008: 205).
Buddhist:An adherent of Buddhism.
Dharma:The proper course of conduct, norms and ultimate realities in the Buddhist religion. Dharma is central to Buddhist practice. The term also exists in Hinduism and Brahmanic thought as a set of ritual actions sanctioned by the priestly class (Smith and Green 1995: 315).
Sangha:Monks and nuns who make up the Buddhist monastic community (Esposito et al. 2012b: G-14).
Three Marks of Existence:Described as impermanence, suffering, and no soul in the Buddhist conception of human reality (Esposito et al. 2012b: G-14).
Stupa:A Buddhist shrine, a raised mound surmounted by a ceremonial pole and umbrella. It usually contains relics of a Buddha or an enlightened saint (Esposito et al. 2012a: G-8).
Enlightenment:The experience of knowing the cause of suffering in the Buddhist tradition. Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, is said to have experienced enlightenment under the Bodhi tree (ca 530 BCE) (Smith and Green 1995: 338).
Koan:A Buddhist riddle designed to foster spiritual growth, posed by a monastic leader to junior monks. An example includes: "What is the sound of one hand clapping?" (Esposito et al. 2012a: G-7).
Anatman:A Buddhist doctrine denying the reality of a permanent, immortal soul as the spiritual center of a human. The term means "no self," and it is meant to teach that all things are connected and there is no separate existence (Esposito et al. 2012a: G-6).
Buddha:It literally means one who has "awakened," reaching enlightenment and escaping rebirth (see samsara). This also is the name given to Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of the Buddhist religion (Esposito et al. 2012a: G-6).

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National Profiles

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Religious Groups

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Religious Family Trees

Major American Soto Zen Groups:Interactive Major American Soto Zen Groups Family Tree

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Religious Membership State Reports

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Religious Membership Metro Reports

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Religious Membership County Reports

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State Maps

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Teaching Tools

Exploring International Religion

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Citations

Citations are taken from the Sociology of Religion Searchable Bibliographic Database, created and updated by Anthony J. Blasi (Ph.D. in Sociology, University of Notre Dame; University of Texas at San Antonio). The ARDA is not responsible for content or typographical errors.

Religious geography and county-level sex ratios in China.
Tong, Yunping, Christie Sennott, and Fenggang Yang (2021)
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 60:1: 113-130.
Analyzes 2000 China Population Census & 2004 China Economic Census data, on 90% of the 2,685 counties of China. Counties with a greater presence of Daoist temples had more imbalanced (male-biased) birth sex ratios; a greater presence of Buddhist temples & Muslim mosques had less imbalanced birth sex ratios.
Associated Search Terms: Daoist, China; Ecology; China; Buddhist, China; Sex ratio; Islam, China
Visiting religious places for prayer in Japan: How does religious identity affect religious behavior?
Uemura, Ryotaro (2020)
Review of Religious Research 62:1: 45-65.
Analyzes 2003 International Social Survey Programme questionnaire data from Japan. Frequency of visiting shrines, temples, churches etc. to pray is the dependent variable. Religious identity importance & religious affiliation (esp. non-Buddhist), predict visiting.
Associated Search Terms: Salience; Practice; Prayer; Japan; Symbolic interactionism; Identity
JewBu: Jews, Buddhists, and Religious Change.
Sigalow, Emily (2019)
Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Based on participant observation & interviews with Jews who engage in Buddhist practice & belief.
Associated Search Terms: Participant observation; Jewish, U.S.A.; Syncretism; Buddhist, U.S.A.
Inward: Vipassana Meditation and the Embodiment of the Self.
Pagis, Michal (2019)
Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Study of vipassana meditation, a Buddhist meditation tradition, based on interviews.
Associated Search Terms: Self; Meditation; Body; Buddhist
Getting Enlightened: A Comparative Study of Buddhist Temples in Mainland China and the US.
Di Di (2019)
Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Rice University.
Associated Search Terms: Comparative; Buddhist, China; Buddhist, U.S.A.; Temple
Paths to enlightement: Constructing Buddhist identities in mainland China and the United States.
Di, Di (2018)
Sociology of Religion 79:4: 449-471.
Based on participant observation & interviews in a Mahayana Buddhist temple in China & one in the U.S. both national & temple contexts affected individual religious identity.
Associated Search Terms: Freedom; Identity; Buddhist, Theravada, China; Buddhist, Theravada, U.S.A.; Chinese Americans; Comparative; Participant observation
Introducing the sort-of Buddhist: Or, "If there is no 'I' to have a religious identity, then how do I fill out this survey?"
Spencer, Anne C., and Scott Draper (2018)
Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 14:3 (online)
Reflection on respondents to a survey who identified themselves as "sort of" Buddhists.
Associated Search Terms: Identification; Buddhist, U.S.A.; Methods; Survey
Buddhism Co. Ltd? Epistemology of religiosity, and the re-invention of a Buddhist monastery in Hong Kong.
Qian, Junxi, and Lily Kong (2018)
Environment and Planning. D: Society and Space 36:1: 159-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775817733268
A non-Western religion, Buddhism, has entangled relationships between religiosity & secularity. Argues that religious actors may refashion & re-invent themselves by appropriating secular rationales & values. Presents Po-Lin Monastery, a Buddhist monastery in Hong Kong that has adopted entrepreneurial, growth-oriented approaches in organization & production.
Associated Search Terms: Monasticism; Sacred/profane; China, Hong Kong; Buddhist, China
(Re)producing Buddhist hegemony in Sri Lanka: Advancing the discursive formations of self-Orientalism, religious (im)mobility and "unethical" conversion.
Woods, Orlando (2018)
Religion 48:2: 215-235.
Associated Search Terms: Conversion; Buddhist, Sri Lanka; Hegemony; Sri Lanka
De l'émotion dans la conversion. Interactions émotionnelles et apprentissage au sein du bouddhisme dzogchen occidentalisé.
Bianchi, Maria Alessandra (2018)
Social Compass 65:3: 378-394.
Based on participant observation in France & Italy, examines the emotion work of socializers (Dzogchen) in the formation of converts to Buddhism.
Associated Search Terms: Buddhist, France; Buddhist, Italy; Convert; Emotion; Symbolic interactionism; Participant observation; Socialization

[Viewing Matches 1-10] > [View Matches 1-150] (of 397 total matches in Citations)

Data Archive

U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2010 (County File):
This study, designed and carried out by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB) , compiled data on the number of congregations and adherents for 236 religious groups in each county of the United States. Participants included 217 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Baha'ís, three Buddhist groupings, four Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, Muslims and Zoroastrians. The 236 groups reported a total of 344,894 congregations with 150,686,156 adherents, comprising 48.8 percent of the total U.S. population of 308,745,538 in 2010.

Visit the frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data sources.
Funded By: The Lilly Endowment, Inc. ; The John Templeton Foundation ; Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ; North American Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention
Collected: 2011, Uploaded 8/6/2012
U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2010 (Metro Area File):
This study, designed and carried out by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), compiled data on the number of congregations and adherents for 236 religious groups in each county of the United States. Participants included 217 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Bahá'ís, three Buddhist groupings, four Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, Muslims and Zoroastrians. The 236 groups reported a total of 344,894 congregations with 150,686,156 adherents, comprising 48.8 percent of the total U.S. population of 308,745,538 in 2010.

Visit the frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data.
Funded By: The Lilly Endowment, Inc. ; The John Templeton Foundation ; Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ; North American Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention
Collected: 2010, Uploaded 8/6/2012
U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations and Membership Study, 2010 (State File):
This study, designed and carried out by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), compiled data on the number of congregations and adherents for 236 religious groups in each county of the United States. Participants included 217 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Bahá'ís, three Buddhist groupings, four Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, Muslims and Zoroastrians. The 236 groups reported a total of 344,894 congregations with 150,686,156 adherents, comprising 48.8 percent of the total U.S. population of 308,745,538 in 2010.

Visit the frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data.
Funded By: The Lilly Endowment, Inc. ; The John Templeton Foundation ; Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ; North American Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention
Collected: 2010, Uploaded 8/6/2012
The Religion and State Project, Minorities Module, Round 3:
The Religion and State (RAS) project is a university-based project located at Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel. The general goal is to provide detailed codings on several aspects of separation of religion and state for 183 states on a yearly basis between 1990 and 2014. This constitutes all countries with populations of 250,000 or more, as well as a sampling of countries with lower populations.

This module recodes the governmental and societal discrimination variables used in the Religion and State, Round 3 except that it uses a minority group within a state as the unit of analysis. For example, in the UK, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews, Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and Sikhs are all coded separately. The dataset includes all minorities which are at least 0.2% of the population as well as the following categories of minorities regardless of their population size: (1) Christians in Muslim countries, (2) Muslims in Christian countries, and (3) Jews in Christian-majority and Muslim-majority countries, where present.
Funded By: The John Templeton Foundation , Israel Science Foundation, The Sara and Simha Lainer Chair in Democracy and Civility, The Yehuda Avner Chair of Religion and Politics, and the German-Israel Foundation
Collected: 2015, Uploaded 1/28/2019
Study of Mysticism in Chinese Buddhist Monks and Nuns:
The social scientific study of mysticism has suggested a mystical experiential core that exists across traditions. Empirical studies have identified this "common core" in traditions such as Christian Protestants, Jews, Hindus, and Persian Muslims. There has been a lack of understanding in the mystical experience among Oriental Buddhism both in its content and in its structure.

The current study explores the phenomenological structure of mystical experience among 139 Chinese Pure Land (i.e., Jingtu) and Chan Buddhist monks and nuns. Semi-structured interviews, thematic coding, and statistical analyses demonstrated that Stace's common facets (i.e., Ego Loss, Timelessness/Spacelessness, Unity, Inner Subjectivity, Positive Affect, Sacredness, Noetic Quality, Ineffability) of mysticism as measured by Hood's Mysticism Scale successfully described Buddhist experience as modified by Buddhist doctrines. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that these facets could be formed into Stace's three-factor structure (i.e., Introvertive Mysticism, Extrovertive Mysticism, Interpretation).

These data contribute to the understanding of religious experience shared by practicing Buddhists, and lend strong support to the thesis that the phenomenology of mystical experience reveals a common experiential core that can be discerned across religious and spiritual traditions. The posted data are quantitative codes of interviews which reflect whether a participant has or has not had a certain mystical experience. Qualitative analyses of specific contents of mystical experiences are available in the published paper.
Collected: 2011, Uploaded 11/22/2013
Religion and Diversity Survey, 2002-2003:
This survey includes questions about the public's views about religious diversity, such as attitudes toward and contact with Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists. The survey was designed by Robert Wuthnow at Princeton University in conjunction with the Responding to Diversity Project sponsored by the Lilly Endowment. The survey also includes questions regarding religious beliefs and practices, and opinions concerning terrorism, interreligious understanding, and national identity. (Religion and Diversity Codebook, Princeton University, Department of Sociology, 2003).
Funded By: The Lilly Endowment, Inc.
Collected: 2003, Uploaded 10/16/2006

[Viewing Matches 1-6] (of 6 total matches in the Data Archive Files)

Investigators/Researchers

Study of Mysticism in Chinese Buddhist Monks and Nuns:
Zhuo Chen
University of Oregon

[Viewing Matches 1-1] (of 1 total matches in Investigators)

Questions/Variables on Surveys

BUDDHSTS from General Social Survey, 2018
What is your personal attitude towards members of the following religious groups? Buddhists?
0) Not applicable
1) Very positive
2) Somewhat positive
3) Neither positive nor negative
4) Somewhat negative
5) Very negative
8) Don't know
9) No answer
V86 from International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III
Optional_Q8d. What is your personal attitude towards members of the following religious groups? Buddhists
0) Not available
1) Very positive
2) Somewhat positive
3) Neither positive nor negative
4) Somewhat negative
5) Very negative
8) Can't choose
9) No answer
RELSCRPT from General Social Survey, 2018
During the last 12 months, have you read or listened to the reading of any holy scripture such as the Bible, Buddhist sutra, Koran, Sruti, Torah, or other religious scripture, not counting any reading that happened during a worship service?
0) Not applicable
1) Yes
2) No
8) Can't choose
9) No answer
RDSCMOST from General Social Survey 2012 Cross-Section and Panel Combined
In the past year, which scripture have you read most often, the Bible, Torah, Koran or some other scripture?
0) Inapplicable
1) Bible
2) Torah
3) Koran
6) Buddhist
7) Book of Mormon
8) Tao te ching
9) Wiccan Bible
10) Apocrypha
11) Gita
12) Scientology
19) Other
99) No answer
V48 from International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III
Q20a. What was your mother's religious preference when you were a child? Was it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion, or no religion? (IF PROTESTANT) What specific denomination was that? [List in Q.20-Q.23 may be modified to include all major religions in each country. It is strongly recommended that the item on respondent's religion in the demographics use response categories fully compatible with those below.]
0) No religion
100) Roman Catholic
110) Greek Catholic
200) Protestant
210) Anglican, Church of England, Episcopal
220) Baptists
230) Congregationalists
240) European Free Church (Anabaptists)
241) Mennonite
250) Lutheran, evangelical church
260) Methodist
270) Pentecostal
271) Full Gospel Church of God
272) Apostolic Faith Mission
273) Intern Pentecostal Holiness
274) St John's Apostolic Faith Mission
276) Zion Christian Church
280) Presbyterian, Church of Scotland
281) Free Presbyterian
282) Jehovah's Witnesses
283) Church of Christ
284) New Apostolic
285) LDS Church, Apostle Twelve
287) Church of God
290) Other Protestants (no specific denomination)
291) Brethren
292) Mormon
293) Salvation Army
294) Assemblies of God
295) Seventh-day Adventists
296) Hussites
297) Unitarians
299) United Church of Christ
300) (Eastern) Orthodox
310) Greek Orthodox
320) Russian Orthodox
325) Old Believers in New Zealand (NZ)
390) Orthodox (no spec. mentioned)
400) Other Christian groups
401) Aglipayan
402) Born Again
403) Alliance
407) Christians
408) Espiritista
409) Iglesia ni Christo
410) Phil Independent Church
413) Bible Christian
417) Jesus is Alive
490) Unspecified Christian groups
500) Jewish
510) Orthodox Jewish
520) Conservative Jewish
530) Reformist Jewish
590) Jewish Religion general
600) Islam
660) Other Muslim religions
670) Druse
690) Muslim, Mohammedan, Islam
700) Buddhists
701) Specific Buddhist groups
790) Buddhism general
800) Hinduism
820) Sikhism
901) Shintoism
902) Taoism
903) Confucianism
950) Other East Asian religion
960) Other religions
961) Ratana in Philippines (PH)
970) Other non-Christian religions
997) NAP, mother not present, no mother
998) Don't know
999) No answer
V50 from International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III
Q21a. What was your father's religious preference when you were a child? Was it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion, or no religion? (IF PROTESTANT) What specific denomination was that? [List in Q.20-Q.23 may be modified to include all major religions in each country. It is strongly recommended that the item on respondent's religion in the demographics use response categories fully compatible with those below.]
0) No religion
100) Roman Catholic
110) Greek Catholic
200) Protestant
210) Anglican, Church of England, Episcopal
220) Baptists
230) Congregationalists
240) European Free Church (Anabaptists)
241) Mennonite
250) Lutheran, evangelical church
260) Methodist
270) Pentecostal
271) Full Gospel Church of God
272) Apostolic Faith Mission
273) Intern Pentecostal Holiness
274) St John's Apostolic Faith Mission
276) Zion Christian Church
280) Presbyterian, Church of Scotland
281) Free Presbyterian
282) Jehovah's Witnesses
283) Church of Christ
284) New Apostolic
285) LDS Church, Apostle Twelve
287) Church of God
290) Other Protestants (no specific denomination)
291) Brethren
292) Mormon
293) Salvation Army
294) Assemblies of God
295) Seventh-day Adventists
296) Hussites
297) Unitarians
299) United Church of Christ
300) (Eastern) Orthodox
310) Greek Orthodox
320) Russian Orthodox
325) Old Believers in Netherlands (NL)
390) Orthodox (no spec. mentioned)
400) Other Christian groups
401) Aglipayan
402) Born again
403) Alliance
407) Christians
408) Espiritista
409) Iglesia ni Christo
410) Phil Independent Church
413) Bible Christian
417) Jesus is Alive
490) Unspecified Christian groups
500) Jewish
510) Orthodox Jewish
520) Conservative Jewish
530) Reformist Jewish
590) Jewish religion general
600) Islam
660) Other Muslim religions
670) Druse
690) Muslim, Mohammedan, Islam
700) Buddhists
701) Specific Buddhist groups
790) Buddhism general
800) Hinduism
820) Sikhism
901) Shintoism
902) Taoism
903) Confucianism
950) Other East Asian religion
960) Other religions
961) Ratana in Philippines (PH)
970) Other non-Christian religions
971) Spiritual philosophy of life, anthroposophy in New Zealand (NZ)
997) NAP, father not present, no father
998) Don't know
999) No answer
V52 from International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III
Q22a. What religion, if any, were you raised in? Was it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion, or no religion? (IF PROTESTANT) What specific denomination was that? [List in Q.20-Q.23 may be modified to include all major religions in each country. It is strongly recommended that the item on respondent's religion in the demographics use response categories fully compatible with those below.]
0) No religion
100) Roman Catholic
110) Greek Catholic
200) Protestant
210) Anglican, Church of England, Episcopal
220) Baptists
230) Congregationalists
240) European Free Church (Anabaptists)
241) Mennonite
250) Lutheran, evangelical church
260) Methodist
270) Pentecostal
271) Full Gospel Church of God
272) Apostolic Faith Mission
273) Intern Pentecostal Holiness
274) St John's Apostolic Faith Mission
276) Zion Christian Church
280) Presbyterian, Church of Scotland
281) Free Presbyterian
282) Jehovah's Witnesses
283) Church of Christ
284) New Apostolic
285) LDS Church, Apostle Twelve
287) Church of God
290) Other Protestants (no specific denomination)
291) Brethren
292) Mormon
293) Salvation Army
294) Assemblies of God
295) Seventh-day Adventists
296) Hussites
297) Unitarians
299) United Church of Christ
300) (Eastern) Orthodox
310) Greek Orthodox
320) Russian Orthodox
325) Old Believers in Netherlands (NL)
390) Orthodox (no spec. mentioned)
400) Other Christian groups
401) Aglipayan
402) Born again
403) Alliance
407) Christians
408) Espiritista
409) Iglesia ni Christo
410) Phil Independent Church
413) Bible Christian
417) Jesus is Alive
490) Unspecified Christian groups
500) Jewish
510) Orthodox Jewish
520) Conservative Jewish
530) Reformist Jewish
590) Jewish religion general
600) Islam
660) Other Muslim religions
670) Druse
690) Muslim, Mohammedan, Islam
700) Buddhists
701) Specific Buddhist groups
790) Buddhism general
800) Hinduism
820) Sikhism
901) Shintoism
902) Taoism
903) Confucianism
950) Other East Asian religion
960) Other religions
961) Ratana in Philippines (PH)
970) Other non-Christian religions
971) Spiritual philosophy of life, anthroposophy in New Zealand (NZ)
998) Don't know
999) No answer
RELIG from International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III
Religious denomination
0) No religion
100) Roman Catholic
110) Greek Catholic
200) Protestant
210) Anglican, Church of England, Episcopal, Church of Ireland
220) Baptists
230) Congregationalists
240) European Free Church (Anabaptists)
241) Mennonite
250) Lutheran, evangelical church
260) Methodist
270) Pentecostal
271) Full Gospel Church of God
272) Apostolic Faith Mission
273) Intern Pentecostal Holiness
274) St John's Apostolic Faith Mission
275) Nazareth Baptist Church
276) Zion Christian Church
280) Presbyterian, Church of Scotland
281) Free Presbyterian
282) Jehovah's Witnesses
283) Church of Christ
284) New Apostolic
285) LDS Church, Apostle Twelve
286) Church of God and Saints of Christ
287) Church of God
290) Other Protestants (no spec. denom.)
291) Brethren
292) Mormon
293) Salvation Army
294) Assemblies of God
295) Seventh-day Adventists
296) Hussites
297) Unitarians
299) United Church of Christ
300) (Eastern) Orthodox
310) Greek Orthodox
320) Russian Orthodox
321) UA: Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Moscow Patriarchate
322) UA: Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate
323) UA: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
325) LV: Old Believers
390) Orthodox (no spec. mentioned)
400) Other Christian groups
401) PH: Aglipayan
402) Born Again
407) Christians
408) Espiritista
409) PH: Iglesia ni Christo
417) Jesus is Alive
490) Unspecified Christian groups
500) Jewish
510) Orthodox Jewish
520) Conservative Jewish
530) Reformist Jewish
590) Jewish religion general
600) Islam
660) Other Muslim
670) Druse
690) Muslim, Mohammedan, Islam
700) Buddhists
701) Specific Buddhist groups
790) Buddhism general
800) Hinduism
820) Sikhism
890) Hinduism general
900) Other Asian religion
901) Shintoism
902) Taoism
950) Other East Asian religion
960) Other religions
961) NZ: Ratana, Ringatu
962) US: Native American
963) UY: Afro brazilian religion
970) Other non-Christian religions
971) NL: Spiritual philosophy of life, anthroposophy
996) NL, UY: I believe in God, but I do not feel close to any religion
997) Refused
998) Don't know
999) No answer
V54 from International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III
Q23a. IF YOU ARE CURRENTLY MARRIED OR LIVING AS MARRIED, ANSWER Q23/IF YOU ARE NOT CURRENTLY MARRIED OR LIVING AS MARRIED, GO TO Q24. What is your husband's/wife's religious preference? Is it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion, or no religion? (IF PROTESTANT) What specific denomination is that? [List in Q.20-Q.23 may be modified to include all major religions in each country. It is strongly recommended that the item on respondent's religion in the demographics use response categories fully compatible with those below.]
0) No religion
100) Roman Catholic
110) Greek Catholic
200) Protestant
210) Anglican, Church of England, Episcopal
220) Baptists
230) Congregationalists
240) European Free Church (Anabaptists)
241) Mennonite
250) Lutheran, evangelical church
260) Methodist
270) Pentecostal
271) Full Gospel Church of God
272) Apostolic Faith Mission
273) Intern Pentecostal Holiness
274) St John's Apostolic Faith Mission
275) Nazareth Baptist Church
276) Zion Christian Church
280) Presbyterian, Church of Scotland
281) Free Presbyterian
282) Jehovah's Witnesses
283) Church of Christ
284) New Apostolic
285) LDS Church, Apostle Twelve
286) Church of God a Saints of Christ
287) Church of God
290) Other Protestants (no specific denomination)
291) Brethren
292) Mormon
293) Salvation Army
294) Assemblies of God
295) Seventh-day Adventists
296) Hussites
297) Unitarians
299) United Church of Christ
300) (Eastern) Orthodox
310) Greek Orthodox
320) Russian Orthodox
325) Old Believers in Netherlands (NL)
390) Orthodox (no spec. mentioned)
400) Other Christian groups
401) Aglipayan
402) Born again
403) Alliance
404) Dating Daan
406) Jesus is Lord
407) Christians
408) Espiritista
409) Iglesia ni Christo
410) Phil Independent Church
411) Iglesia Filipina Ind in South Africa (ZA)
490) Unspecified Christian groups
500) Jewish
510) Orthodox Jewish
520) Conservative Jewish
530) Reformist Jewish
590) Jewish religion general
600) Islam
660) Other Muslim religions
670) Druse
690) Muslim, Mohammedan, Islam
700) Buddhists
701) Specific Buddhist groups
790) Buddhism general
800) Hinduism
820) Sikhism
900) Other Asian religion
901) Shintoism
902) Taoism
950) Other East Asian religion
960) Other religions
961) Ratana in Philippines (PH)
970) Other non-Christian religions
971) Spiritual philosophy of life, anthroposophy in New Zealand (NZ)
997) Not applicable, no partner (code 2 in COHAB) in IT US, not married (code 2-5 in MARITAL)
998) Don't know
999) No answer
BUDDHIST from Data from the ARDA National Profiles, 2005 Update: Religion Indexes, Adherents and Other Data
Buddhist (WCD 2005)

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