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Included Nations/Regions: Nepal [x], South-Central Asia [x], The World [x]


Religion and State (RAS) Indexes1

Religion Indexes (Nepal)

State Funding of Religion
Summary categories: None (0/3), Low (1/3), Medium (2/3), High (3/3)

Ranking: 128/253
Societal Discrimination of Minority Religions
Summary categories: None (0/3), Low (1/3), Medium (2/3), High (3/3)

Ranking: 81/253
State Regulation of Majority or All Religions
Summary categories: None (0/3), Low (1/3), Medium (2/3), High (3/3)

Ranking: 103/253
State Discrimination of Minority Religions
Summary categories: None (0/3), Low (1/3), Medium (2/3), High (3/3)

Ranking: 61/253
For details on how these indexes were constructed, click here

Nepal: Major World Religions (1900 - 2050) (World Religion Database, 2020)2

The following groups with less than 1% of the population were hidden from this graph: Baha'is, Chinese folk-religionists, Jains, Nonreligious, Sikhs.


Nepal: Largest Religious Groups (1900 - 2050) (World Religion Database, 2020)2

The following groups with less than 1% of the population were hidden from this graph: Agnostics, Atheists, Catholics, doubly-affiliated, Orthodox, Protestants, Theravadins, unaffiliated Christians.


Religious Adherents (World Religion Database 2020)2

Religion Nepal
[x]
South-Central Asia
[x]
The World
[x]
Baha'is 0.01% 0.13% 0.11%
Buddhists 12.17% 1.54% 6.83%
--Mahayanists 1.16% 0.46% 4.89%
--Theravadins 0.08% 0.83% 1.72%
--Lamaists 10.93% 0.25% 0.23%
Chinese folk-religionists 0.07% 0.01% 5.98%
Christians 4.30% 3.88% 32.16%
--unaffiliated Christians 0.04% 0.01% 1.46%
--Orthodox 0.02% 0.29% 3.75%
--Catholics 0.03% 1.25% 15.90%
--Protestants 0.93% 1.36% 7.51%
--Independents 3.29% 1.06% 5.00%
Daoists --- --- 0.11%
Confucianists --- --- 0.11%
Ethnic religionists 13.17% 3.09% 3.65%
Hindus 65.80% 53.58% 13.58%
--Vaishnavites 29.46% 20.43% 5.15%
--Shaivites 29.99% 18.99% 4.86%
--Saktists 6.35% 14.16% 3.57%
Jains 0.03% 0.31% 0.08%
Jews --- 0.00% 0.19%
Muslims 4.07% 35.21% 24.20%
--Sunnis 4.07% 29.06% 21.56%
--Shias --- 5.78% 2.44%
--Islamic schismatics --- 0.37% 0.21%
New religionists --- 0.00% 0.85%
Shintoists --- 0.00% 0.04%
Sikhs 0.04% 1.26% 0.34%
Spiritists --- --- 0.19%
Zoroastrians --- 0.01% 0.00%
Non-Religious 0.34% 1.00% 11.57%
--Agnostics 0.29% 0.88% 9.65%
--Atheists 0.05% 0.12% 1.92%

Religious demographics (Nepal)3

The country has an area of 54,363 square miles and a population of 28 million. Hindus constitute approximately 81 percent of the population; Buddhists 11 percent, Muslims the majority Sunni 4.2 percent, and practitioners of Kirant (an indigenous animist religion) and others 4 percent. Christian leaders conservatively estimated the number of their adherents at more than 800,000 (3 percent). The National Churches Fellowship of Nepal reported that there are almost 300 Christian churches operating in the Kathmandu valley alone. According to a Jamme Masjid official, there are at least 3,500 madrassahs. Twenty thousand Tibetan Buddhists are officially registered as refugees.

Summary Information

Nepal
[x]
South-Central Asia
[x]
The World
[x]
Region South-Central Asia The World --
Total Population4 28,763,546 1,866,835,557 7,335,774,068
Area in square miles 56,827 4,163,229 196,939,900
Life Expectancy from birth, in years5 69.9 70.7 71.9
Gross National Income per capita, in current international dollars5 2,520.0 8,062.3 16,101.0
Description of Polity Score6 (weakly democratic) -- --
Judicial Independence Composite Score, as average of scores for higher and lower courts7 1.2 -0.3 0.8
Official Religion(s)8 None -- --

Nepal - Google Map


Religion and the State

Religion and State Collection (2014)

Nepal
[x]
Is proselytizing Legal?1 No
Is religious registration someties denied?1 Registration is required and is never denied, but some religions have more difficulty registering than others
What are the consequences of registration?1 Groups are officially required to register but groups which do not are not in any way restricted, except in that they may be denied status as a legal entity.
Official Support: The formal relationship between religion and state.1 Cooperation
The extent to which religious education is mandatory in public schools.1 None
The extent to which funding is exclusive to one or a few religions.1 Government funding of religion goes primarily to only some religions for which there are a substantial number of adherents in the country, but all religions receive some funds.
The extent to which there are religious requirements and oaths for holding office.1 There are no religious requirements or oaths necessary in order to hold office.

Constitutional Features [ View Excerpts]

Constitution

Nepal
[x]
Constitution Year10 2015
Last Amended10 2016
Source10 Constitute Project
Translation10 Source is an English translation.
Current as of10 November 1, 2018

Socio-Economic Measures

Military Measures

Nepal
[x]
South-Central Asia
[x]
The World
[x]
Composite Index of National Capability, in fraction of 117 0.0015938 0.009459929 0.005162584
2012 Military expenditure (% of GDP)5 1.4 2.5 --

Other Measures on Religion, State, and Society


Constitution Clauses Related to Religion


Constitution Excerpts (clauses that reference religion) (Nepal)10

Preamble

...

Embracing multi-caste ... specificities, by ending discriminations relating to ... caste, ... religion ...

...

Article 3. Nation.

Having ... multi-religious ... characteristics ... all the Nepali people collectively constitute the nation.

Article 4. State of Nepal.

(1) Nepal is [a] ... secular ... state.

Explanation: For the purpose of this article, ‘secular’ means protection of religion and culture being practiced since ancient times and religious and cultural freedom.

...

Article 17. Right to freedom.

...

(2) Every citizen shall have the following freedoms:

[Here follow enumerated rights]

Provided that,

(1) Nothing in section (a) [on freedom of opinion and expression] shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which ... jeopardizes the harmonious relations subsisting among the people of various caste, ... religion, ... or incites ... untouchability ...

...

(3) Nothing in section (c) [on freedom to form political parties] shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on ... an act that ... jeopardizes the harmonious relations subsisting among different caste, ... religious groups and communities, or an act of acquiring or depriving the membership of a political party only on the grounds of caste, ... religion ...

(4) Nothing in section (d) [on freedom to form unions and associations] shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on ... an act that ... jeopardizes the harmonious relations subsisting among different caste groups, ... religious groups and communities ...

(5) Nothing in section (e) [on freedom of movement and residence] shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine ... the harmonious relations subsisting among various caste groups, ... religious groups or communities ...

Article 18. Right to equality.

...

(2) There shall be no discrimination in the application of general laws on the grounds of ... religion, ... caste ... [among others]

(3) The state shall not discriminate among citizens on grounds of ... religion, ... caste ... [among others]

Provided that nothing shall be deemed to bar the making of special provisions by law for the protection, empowerment or advancement of ... Dalits, ... Muslims ... [among others]

...

Article 26. Right to religious freedom.

(1) Each person shall be free to profess, practice, and preserve his/her religion according to his/her faith.

(2) Every religious denomination shall, maintaining its independent existence, have the right to manage and protect its religious places and religious trusts in accordance with law.

Provided that it shall not be deemed to have hindered to make law to operate and protect a religious place or religious trust and to manage trust property and regulate land management.

(3) While exercising the right as provided for by this Article, no person shall act or make others act in a manner which is contrary to public health, decency and morality, or behave or act or make others act to disturb public law and order situation, or convert a person of one religion to another religion, or disturb the religion of other people. Such an act shall be punishable by law.

Article 29. Right against exploitation.

...

(2) No person shall be subjected to any kind of exploitation on the basis of religion ...

...

Article 38. Right of women.

...

(3) There shall not be any physical, mental, sexual or psychological or any other kind of violence against women, or any kind of oppression based on religious ... practices. Such an act shall be punishable by law and the victim shall have the right to be compensation as provided for in law.

...

Article 39. Right of children.

...

(6) No child shall be subjected to recruitment or any kind of use in the army, police or armed groups, neglected, or used immorally, or abused physically, mentally, or sexually, or exploited through any other means, in the name of religious ... practices.

...

Article 40. Right of Dalits.

(1) Dalit shall have the right to participate in all agencies of the state based on the principle of proportional inclusion. There shall be special legal provision of empowerment, representation, and participation of Dalit community for employment in other area also including the public service.

(2) Provisions of free education with scholarships shall be made for Dalit students from the primary to higher level of education as provided for in law. Special provision shall be made in law for Dalits to pursue higher education in technical and professional subjects.

(3) In order to provide health care and social security to Dalit community, special arrangements shall be made in accordance with law.

(4) Dalit community shall have the right to use, preserve and develop their traditional occupation, knowledge, skill and technology. The State shall give priority to modern profession of Dalits in relation to their traditional occupation, by providing them with necessary skill and resources.

(5) The State shall, according to law, provide land to landless Dalits for one time.

(6) The State shall, according to law, make housing arrangements for Dalits who do not have housing of their own.

(7) The facilities provided to the Dalit community according to this Article, shall have to be justly distributed to Dalit women and men and all the Dalit communities living in different parts of the country, ensuring that all Dalits receive the facilities proportionally.

Article 42. Right to social justice.

(1) The economically, socially or educationally backward ... Dalit, ... Muslims, [among others] ... shall have the right to participate in the State bodies on the basis of principle of proportional inclusion.

...

Article 50. Directive principles.

...

(2) It shall be the socio-cultural objective of the State to build a civilized and egalitarian society by ending all forms of discrimination, oppression and injustice based on religion, ...

...

Article 84. Constitution of House of Representatives.

...

(2) Provision shall be made according to Federal law for the representation of political parties to file candidacy for the election of the House of Representatives for proportional representation system through closed list of ... Dalit, ... Muslim, [among others] ... Balance in geography and province shall be considered for such candidacy.

...

Article 86. Constitution of National Assembly and terms of members.

...

(2) (a) ... eight members from each province, including at least ... one Dalit, ...

...

Article 116. Federal Consolidated Fund.

Except for the revenues of religious endowments, all revenues received by the Government of Nepal ... shall be credited to a Government Fund to be known as Federal Consolidated Fund.

Article 151. State policies.

The State shall pursue the following policies:

(a) Policies regarding national unity and national security:

...

(2) Promoting national unity by developing relations of mutual cooperation between federal units by maintaining mutual understanding, tolerance, and solidarity among various caste, ... religious, ... groups and communities.

...

...

(c) Policies regarding social and cultural transformation:

...

(5) Put an end to all forms of discrimination, and injustice in the name of religion ... and rites.

(6) To preserve and develop the language, texts, culture, literature, arts motion pictures and property of different castes ..., on the basis of equity, while also maintaining the country’s cultural diversity.

...

...

(l) Policies regarding tourism: Developing environment friendly tourism industry as an important basis of national economy by identifying, protecting, promoting and publicizing the ... religious [among others] ... sites of the country ...

...

Article 176. Formation of the Provincial Assembly.

...

(6) The representation of ... Dalit, ... Muslim, [among others] ... on the basis of geography and population in the nominations filed by the political parties for the election to be held for the Provincial Assembly through the proportional representation (PR) election system shall be made on the basis of closed list in accordance with Federal law.

...

Article 204. Consolidated Fund of the Province.

Except for the revenues of religious endowments, all revenues received by the Provincial Government ... shall be credited to a Provincial Government Fund to be known as the Provincial Consolidated Fund.

Article 215. Provisions related to Head and Deputy Head of Village executive.

...

(4) ... two persons elected from the Dalit or minority community ... below shall also be members of the Village executive ...

...

Article 216. Provisions related to Mayor and Deputy Mayor of municipality.

...

(4) ... three persons elected from the Dalit or minority community ... shall also be members of the Municipal executive ...

...

Article 220. District Assembly and District Co-ordination Committee.

...

(3) The District Assembly shall, pursuant to Provincial laws, elect a District Coordination Committee with ... at least one person from the Dalit or minority community. ...

...

Article 222. Formation of Village Assembly.

...

(2) The Village Assembly ... shall comprise ... [one] member ... elected from the Dalit or minority community ...

...

Article 223. Constitution of Municipal Assembly.

...

(2) The Municipal Assembly ... shall comprise ... [one] member ... elected from the Dalit or minority community ...

...

Article 255. National Dalit Commission.

(1) There shall be a National Dalit Commission in Nepal consisting of Chairperson and four other Members.

(2) The President shall, on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, appoint the Chairperson and members of National Dalit Commission.

(3) The term of office for the Chairperson and Members of National Dalit Commission shall be for six year from the date of appointment.

(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the clause (3), the office of the Chairperson and the members of National Dalit Commission shall be vacant in the following circumstances:--- [Here follow several nonreligious circumstances]

...

(6) Persons who meet following qualification shall be eligible for appointment in the posts of Chairperson and members of the National Dalit Commission:---

(a) a person from Dalit community who has significantly contributed to Dalit welfare, human rights and in the legal field for at least ten years,

[Here follow additional, nonreligious criteria]

(7) The remuneration and other benefits of the Chairperson and members of the National Dalit Commission shall be as prescribed by law, and conditions and terms of remuneration and other benefits shall not be altered, so long as they hold office, to their disadvantage.

Provided that extreme economic breakdown has led to the state of emergency, this provision shall not be applicable.

(8) The person, who has served in the capacity of Chairperson or members of the National Dalit Commission, shall not be eligible for appointment in other government services.

Provided that, nothing in this clause shall be deemed to be a bar to the appointment to any position of a political nature, or to any position which has the responsibility of making investigations, inquiries or findings on any subject, or to the position which has the responsibility of submitting advice, opinions or recommendations.

Article 256. Functions, duties and powers of National Dalit Commission.

(1) Functions, duties and powers of National Dalit Commission shall be as follows:---

(a) To carry out research and studies regarding Dalit community of Nepal so as to identify legal and institutional reforms to be made and make a recommendation to the Government of Nepal,

(b) To formulate national policies and programs in matters related with ending caste discrimination, untouchability, suppression and to enhance Dalit’s status and development, and to forward a recommendation to the Government of Nepal for implementation,

(c) To monitor, so as to ensure whether the special provisions and laws related with Dalit welfare have been implemented or not, and to forward a recommendation to the government of Nepal, in case these provisions are found not to have been implemented,

(d) To review or monitor the Government of Nepal, so as to ensure that the Government of Nepal submits the report as a signatory to the international treaties and agreement, as provisioned by those treaties,

(e) To monitor, review and evaluate the policies and programs implemented by the State to bring Dalit community into the mainstream of national development such as proportionate representation in all of the state agencies, and to forward a recommendation to the Government of Nepal for an effective implementation of those provisions,

(f) To recommend to respective agencies on filing petitions in court according to the law, against any person or organization if it is deemed necessary on subjects of discriminations on caste and untouchability or victim of social malpractices or disallowing or depriving of exercising the right of Dalits.

(2) The National Dalit Commission may delegate, as required, some of its powers to the Chairperson of the Commission, member, or an officer of the Government of Nepal, to be exercised in compliance with the conditions specified.

(3) Other functions, duties and powers of the National Dalit Commission, shall be as specified by Federal law.

Article 257. Offices may be established in province.

The National Dalit Commission may establish its offices in provinces as may be necessary.

Article 264. Muslim Commission.

(1) There shall be a Muslim Commission in Nepal consisting of Chairperson and as many as four other members.

(2) The President shall, on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, appoint the Chairperson and members of Muslim Commission.

(3) The term of office of Chairperson and members of Muslim Commission shall be six years from the date of appointment.

(4) The qualifications, conditions of vacancy, remuneration and conditions of service of the Chairperson and members of Muslim Commission and other provisions related to functions, duties and power of such Commission shall be according to the Federal law.

Article 267. Provision relating to Nepal Army.

...

(3) The entry of ... Dalit, ... Muslim, [among others] ... shall be ensured in Nepal Army, based on the principle of equality and principles of inclusion as provided for in the Federal law.

...

Article 269. Constitution, registration and operation of political parties.

...

(5) No political party shall be registered if its name, objective, symbol and flag is of a character that may disturb the country’s religious ... unity ...

Article 281. Review and revision of special powers.

The Government of Nepal shall review and revise, along with census of every ten years, the provisions regarding special rights of the ... Dalit community and its implementation and effectiveness based on human development index.

Article 306. Definitions and interpretations.

(1) Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, in this Constitution:---

(a) "Minority" means those caste, ... religious communities, whose population is less than that determined by the law, and who has their own specialties, and who aim to protect them; it also signifies those groups who have faced discrimination and harassed.

...

(l) "Constitutional body" means ... National Dalit Commission, ... Muslim Commission established in accordance with this Constitution.

...

...

Schedule 6. List of provincial powers/jurisdiction.

...

(18) Protection and use of ... religion

...

Variable Details

  • For more details on State Funding of Religion (FUN_4CAT) see this document.
  • For more details on Societal Discrimination of Minority Religions (SOC_4CAT) see this document.
  • For more details on State Regulation of Majority or All Religions (NXX_4CAT) see this document.
  • For more details on State Discrimination of Minority Religions (MXX_4CAT) see this document.
  • Sources

    1 The Religion and State (RAS) Project is a university-based project located at Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel and is directed by Jonathan Fox. Round 3 of the RAS includes all countries with populations of 250,000 or more as well as a sampling of smaller states and offers annual measures from 1990 to 2014. The methods used for conducting the RAS3 collection and the complete codebook can be reviewed online. Or, the codebook and data file can be downloaded free of charge here. For details on how the RAS indexes reported on the ARDA’s National Profiles were coded, constructed, and placed into categories, click here.

    2 Todd M. Johnson and Brian J. Grim, eds. World Religion Database (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2022).

    3 The U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report is submitted to Congress annually by the Department of State in compliance with Section 102(b) of the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998. This report supplements the most recent Human Rights Reports by providing additional detailed information with respect to matters involving international religious freedom. It includes individual country chapters on the status of religious freedom worldwide. A dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. These State Department reports are open source.

    4 The Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project: Demographics reports the estimates of religious demographics, both country by country and region by region. The RCS was created to fulfill the unmet need for a dataset on the religious dimensions of countries of the world, with the state-year as the unit of observation. It estimates populations and percentages of adherents of 100 religious denominations including second level subdivision within Christianity and Islam. The RCS Data Project would like to acknowledge, recognize, and express our deepest gratitude for the significant contributions of Todd M. Johnson the co-principal investigator of the World Religion Database.

    5 Relying on agencies from each country, as well as a synthesis of data from United Nations divisions, Eurostate Demographic statistics, the U.S. Census international database, and its own data collection, the World Bank's Open Data site offers free and open access to data about development in countries around the globe.

    6 The Center for Systemic Peace (CSP) is engaged in innovative research on the problem of political violence within the structural context of the dynamic global system. The Center supports scientific research and quantitative analysis in many issue areas related to the fundamental problems of violence in both human relations and societal-systemic development processes. The Center continually monitors political behavior in each of the world's major states and reports on emerging issues and persisting conditions related to the problems of political violence and "state failure." A dataset with these and other international measures can be downloaded from here. Used with permission. *Note: Polity Scores range from -10 to 10 and include the following categories: -10 to -9: strongly autocratic, -8 to -7 autocratic, -6 to -4 weakly autocratic, -3 to +3 anocratic, +4 to +6 weakly democratic, +7 to +8 democratic, +9 to +10 strongly democratic.

    7 Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. V-Dem provides a multidimensional and disaggregated dataset that reflects the complexity of the concept of democracy as a system of rule that goes beyond simple presence of elections. The V-Dem project distinguishes between seven high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, egalitarian, majoritarian, and consensual, and collects data to measure these principles. A dataset with these and other international measures can be downloaded from here. Used with permission.

    8 The Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project: Government Religious Preference (GRP) measures government-level favoritism toward, and disfavor against, 30 religious denominations. A series of ordered categorical variables index the state's institutional favoritism in 28 different ways. The variables are combined to form five composite indices for five broad components of state-religion: official status, religious education, financial support, regulatory burdens, and freedom of practice. The five components' composites in turn are further combined into a single composite score, the GRP score. The RCS Data Project would like to acknowledge, recognize, and express our deepest gratitude for the significant contributions of Todd M. Johnson, the principal investigator of the World Christian Database, the co-principal investigator of the World Religion Database, and co-author of the World Christian Encyclopedia series.

    9 Data under the "Features of Constitution" heading are drawn from coding of the U.S. State Department's 2008 International Religious Freedom Reports conducted by researchers at the Association of Religion Data Archives. The article by Brian Grim and Roger Finke describes the coding of the International Religious Freedom reports. A dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. Used with permission.

    10 Text from country constitutions was copied from primary documents obtained online using a variety of sources, including the Constitute Project, World Constitutions Illustrated, and government sources. When the text was in a language other than English, it was translated to English by ARDA staff or with web-based translation utilities such as Google Translate. Emphases were added to the text by ARDA staff to differentiate religious content from non-religious content. Text is current to the date listed in the "Current as of" field shown above. Please contact us at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. if you are aware of any incorrect information provided on this page.

    11 Freedom House is an independent non-governmental organization that offers measures of the extent to which governments are accountable to their own people; the rule of law prevails; and freedoms of expression, association, belief and respect for the rights of minorities and women are guaranteed. A dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. Used with permission.

    12 The CIA's World Factbook was created as an annual summary and update to the now defunct National Intelligence Survey (NIS) studies. The first classified Factbook was published in August 1962, and the first unclassified version was published in June 1971. The NIS program was terminated in 1973 except for the Factbook, map, and gazetteer components. The 1975 Factbook was the first to be made available to the public with sales through the US Government Printing Office (GPO). The year 2010 marks the 67th year of the World Factbook and its predecessor programs. The maps and flags are also from the World Factbook, which is an open source.

    13 Relying on agencies from each country, as well as a synthesis of data from United Nations divisions, Eurostate Demographic statistics, the U.S. Census international database, and its own data collection, the World Bank's Open Data site offers free and open access to data about development in countries around the globe.

    14 The Heritage Foundation/Wall Street Journal Index of Economic Freedom is a systematic, empirical measurement of economic freedom in countries throughout the world. A set of objective economic criteria are used to study and grade various countries for the annual publication of the Index of Economic Freedom. A dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. Used with permission.

    15 The United Nations Human Development Reports provide data and statistical analysis in various areas of human development. The Human Development Report (HDR) presents two types of statistics: the human development indicator tables, which provide a global assessment of country achievements in different areas of human development, and thematic statistical analysis. A dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. Used with permission.

    16 The 2013 Gender Inequality Index is a composite measure reflecting inequality in achievements between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labor market. It varies between zero (when women and men fare equally) and one (when men or women fare poorly compared to the other in all dimensions). The health dimension is measured by two indicators: maternal mortality ratio and the adolescent fertility rate. The empowerment dimension is also measured by two indicators: the share of parliamentary seats held by each sex and by secondary and higher education attainment levels. The labor dimension is measured by women’s participation in the work force. Source: The United Nations Human Development Reports provide data and statistical analysis in various areas of human development. The Human Development Report (HDR) presents two types of statistics: the human development indicator tables, which provide a global assessment of country achievements in different areas of human development, and thematic statistical analysis. A dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. Used with permission.

    17 Military data is drawn from the National Material Capabilities (v4.0) dataset, which is a component of and hosted by the Correlates of War Project. The Correlates of War Project seeks to facilitate the collection, dissemination, and use of accurate and reliable quantitative data in international relations. Correlates of War data may be accessed through the above link. Used with permission.

    18 The article by Brian Grim and Roger Finke describes the coding of the U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom reports. The 2003, 2005, and 2008 reports were coded by researchers at the Association of Religion Data Archives. The GRI, GFI and SRI values reported on the National Profiles are averages from the 2003, 2005, and 2008 International Religious Freedom reports, while the Religious Persecution measure is an average from the 2005 and 2008 reports. All other measures derived from the International Religious Freedom reports were coded from the reports 2008. A data file with all of the 2008 coding, as well as data files with other cross national collections are available for preview and download from the data archive on this site. Used with permission.

    19 The Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset contains standards-based quantitative information on government respect for 15 internationally recognized human rights for 202 countries, annually from 1981-2011. It is designed for use by scholars and students who seek to test theories about the causes and consequences of human rights violations, as well as policy makers and analysts who seek to estimate the human rights effects of a wide variety of institutional changes and public policies including democratization, economic aid, military aid, structural adjustment, and humanitarian intervention. The full CIRI Human Rights Dataset can be accessed through the above link. Used with permission.

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